From 51a704939ef5f1cc01557929b7d0b0180630e620 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Dollar <ddollar@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 10 Jun 2012 22:58:09 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] massive refactoring for programmatic control and stability

---
 .gitignore                                    |   1 +
 Gemfile                                       |   1 +
 Gemfile.lock                                  |   2 +
 data/example/Procfile                         |   7 +-
 data/example/spawnee                          |  14 +
 data/example/spawner                          |   7 +
 data/export/bluepill/master.pill.erb          |  20 +-
 data/export/launchd/launchd.plist.erb         |   6 +-
 data/export/runit/log/run.erb                 |   7 +
 data/export/runit/log_run.erb                 |   7 -
 data/export/runit/run.erb                     |   4 +-
 data/export/supervisord/app.conf.erb          |  24 +-
 data/export/upstart/master.conf.erb           |   4 +-
 data/export/upstart/process.conf.erb          |   6 +-
 lib/foreman/cli.rb                            |  77 ++--
 lib/foreman/color.rb                          |  40 --
 lib/foreman/engine.rb                         | 380 ++++++++++--------
 lib/foreman/engine/cli.rb                     |  98 +++++
 lib/foreman/env.rb                            |  27 ++
 lib/foreman/export.rb                         |   1 -
 lib/foreman/export/base.rb                    |  93 +++--
 lib/foreman/export/bluepill.rb                |  20 +-
 lib/foreman/export/inittab.rb                 |  19 +-
 lib/foreman/export/launchd.rb                 |  20 +-
 lib/foreman/export/runit.rb                   |  53 +--
 lib/foreman/export/supervisord.rb             |  16 +-
 lib/foreman/export/upstart.rb                 |  36 +-
 lib/foreman/process.rb                        | 123 +++---
 lib/foreman/procfile.rb                       | 100 +++--
 lib/foreman/procfile_entry.rb                 |  26 --
 lib/foreman/tmux_engine.rb                    |  37 --
 lib/foreman/utils.rb                          |  18 -
 spec/foreman/cli_spec.rb                      | 196 ++-------
 spec/foreman/color_spec.rb                    |  31 --
 spec/foreman/engine_spec.rb                   | 126 +++---
 spec/foreman/export/base_spec.rb              |  11 +-
 spec/foreman/export/bluepill_spec.rb          |  13 +-
 spec/foreman/export/inittab_spec.rb           |  14 +-
 spec/foreman/export/launchd_spec.rb           |  11 +-
 spec/foreman/export/runit_spec.rb             |  29 +-
 spec/foreman/export/supervisord_spec.rb       |  63 +--
 spec/foreman/export/upstart_spec.rb           |  41 +-
 spec/foreman/process_spec.rb                  | 151 ++-----
 spec/foreman/procfile_entry_spec.rb           |  13 -
 spec/foreman/procfile_spec.rb                 |  42 +-
 spec/foreman/tmux_engine_spec.rb              |  75 ----
 spec/resources/.env                           |   1 +
 spec/resources/Procfile                       |   4 +
 spec/resources/bin/echo                       |   2 +
 spec/resources/bin/env                        |   2 +
 spec/resources/bin/test                       |   2 +
 .../export/bluepill/app-concurrency.pill      |   8 +-
 spec/resources/export/bluepill/app.pill       |   8 +-
 .../log/run}                                  |   0
 .../{app-alpha-1-run => app-alpha-1/run}      |   0
 .../log/run}                                  |   0
 .../{app-alpha-2-run => app-alpha-2/run}      |   0
 .../log/run}                                  |   0
 .../{app-bravo-1-run => app-bravo-1/run}      |   0
 .../export/supervisord/app-alpha-1.conf       |  24 ++
 .../export/supervisord/app-alpha-2.conf       |   8 +-
 .../supervisord/app-env-with-comma.conf       |  24 --
 .../resources/export/supervisord/app-env.conf |  21 -
 spec/resources/export/supervisord/app.conf    |  24 --
 spec/spec_helper.rb                           |  63 ++-
 65 files changed, 984 insertions(+), 1317 deletions(-)
 create mode 100755 data/example/spawnee
 create mode 100755 data/example/spawner
 create mode 100644 data/export/runit/log/run.erb
 delete mode 100644 data/export/runit/log_run.erb
 delete mode 100644 lib/foreman/color.rb
 create mode 100644 lib/foreman/engine/cli.rb
 create mode 100644 lib/foreman/env.rb
 delete mode 100644 lib/foreman/procfile_entry.rb
 delete mode 100644 lib/foreman/tmux_engine.rb
 delete mode 100644 lib/foreman/utils.rb
 delete mode 100644 spec/foreman/color_spec.rb
 delete mode 100644 spec/foreman/procfile_entry_spec.rb
 delete mode 100644 spec/foreman/tmux_engine_spec.rb
 create mode 100644 spec/resources/.env
 create mode 100644 spec/resources/Procfile
 create mode 100755 spec/resources/bin/echo
 create mode 100755 spec/resources/bin/env
 create mode 100755 spec/resources/bin/test
 rename spec/resources/export/runit/{app-alpha-1-log-run => app-alpha-1/log/run} (100%)
 rename spec/resources/export/runit/{app-alpha-1-run => app-alpha-1/run} (100%)
 rename spec/resources/export/runit/{app-alpha-2-log-run => app-alpha-2/log/run} (100%)
 rename spec/resources/export/runit/{app-alpha-2-run => app-alpha-2/run} (100%)
 rename spec/resources/export/runit/{app-bravo-1-log-run => app-bravo-1/log/run} (100%)
 rename spec/resources/export/runit/{app-bravo-1-run => app-bravo-1/run} (100%)
 create mode 100644 spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-alpha-1.conf
 delete mode 100644 spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-env-with-comma.conf
 delete mode 100644 spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-env.conf
 delete mode 100644 spec/resources/export/supervisord/app.conf

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 9f0c521..fa78454 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /.bundle
 /.rbenv-version
+/.yardoc
 /coverage
 /example/log/*
 /man/*.html
diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index b417d1a..3470ea2 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -19,4 +19,5 @@ group :development do
   gem 'rspec',  '~> 2.0'
   gem "simplecov", :require => false
   gem 'timecop'
+  gem 'yard'
 end
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index 8410339..691ffa6 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ GEM
     timecop (0.3.5)
     win32console (1.3.0-x86-mingw32)
     xml-simple (1.0.15)
+    yard (0.8.2)
 
 PLATFORMS
   java
@@ -61,3 +62,4 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   simplecov
   timecop
   win32console (~> 1.3.0)
+  yard
diff --git a/data/example/Procfile b/data/example/Procfile
index 6dd4b4e..219cd90 100644
--- a/data/example/Procfile
+++ b/data/example/Procfile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
-ticker: ruby ./ticker $PORT
-error:  ruby ./error
-utf8:   ruby ./utf8
+ticker:  ruby ./ticker $PORT
+error:   ruby ./error
+utf8:    ruby ./utf8
+spawner: ./spawner
diff --git a/data/example/spawnee b/data/example/spawnee
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b245cee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/example/spawnee
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+NAME="$1"
+
+sigterm() {
+  echo "$NAME: got sigterm"
+}
+
+#trap sigterm SIGTERM
+
+while true; do
+  echo "$NAME: ping"
+  sleep 1
+done
diff --git a/data/example/spawner b/data/example/spawner
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8c1a6fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/example/spawner
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+./spawnee A &
+./spawnee B &
+./spawnee C &
+
+wait
diff --git a/data/export/bluepill/master.pill.erb b/data/export/bluepill/master.pill.erb
index b6a0e89..ed7271c 100644
--- a/data/export/bluepill/master.pill.erb
+++ b/data/export/bluepill/master.pill.erb
@@ -3,25 +3,25 @@ Bluepill.application("<%= app %>", :foreground => false, :log_file => "/var/log/
   app.uid = "<%= user %>"
   app.gid = "<%= user %>"
 
-<% engine.procfile.entries.each do |process| %>
-<% 1.upto(concurrency[process.name]) do |num| %>
-<% port = engine.port_for(process, num, self.port) %>
-  app.process("<%= process.name %>-<%=num%>") do |process|
-    process.start_command = "<%= process.command.gsub("$PORT", port.to_s) %>"
+<% engine.each_process do |name, process| %>
+<% 1.upto(engine.formation[name]) do |num| %>
+  <% port = engine.port_for(process, num) %>
+  app.process("<%= name %>-<%= num %>") do |process|
+    process.start_command = "<%= process.command %>"
 
-    process.working_dir = "<%= engine.directory %>"
+    process.working_dir = "<%= engine.root %>"
     process.daemonize = true
-    process.environment = {"PORT" => "<%= port %>"<% engine.environment.each_pair do |var,env| %> , "<%= var.upcase %>" => "<%= env %>" <% end %>}
+    process.environment = <%= engine.env.merge("PORT" => port.to_s).inspect %>
     process.stop_signals = [:quit, 30.seconds, :term, 5.seconds, :kill]
     process.stop_grace_time = 45.seconds
 
-    process.stdout = process.stderr = "<%= log_root %>/<%= app %>-<%= process.name %>-<%=num%>.log"
+    process.stdout = process.stderr = "<%= log %>/<%= app %>-<%= name %>-<%= num %>.log"
 
     process.monitor_children do |children|
-      children.stop_command "kill -QUIT {{PID}}"
+      children.stop_command "kill {{PID}}"
     end
 
-    process.group = "<%= app %>-<%= process.name %>"
+    process.group = "<%= app %>-<%= name %>"
   end
 <% end %>
 <% end %>
diff --git a/data/export/launchd/launchd.plist.erb b/data/export/launchd/launchd.plist.erb
index 6b57fa9..faf2db6 100644
--- a/data/export/launchd/launchd.plist.erb
+++ b/data/export/launchd/launchd.plist.erb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <plist version="1.0">
 <dict>
     <key>Label</key>
-    <string><%= "#{app}-#{process.name}-#{num}" %></string>
+    <string><%= "#{app}-#{name}-#{num}" %></string>
     <key>ProgramArguments</key>
     <array>
         <string><%= process.command %></string>
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
     <key>RunAtLoad</key>
     <true/>
     <key>StandardErrorPath</key>
-    <string><%= log_root %>/<%= app %>-<%= process.name %>-<%=num%>.log</string>
+    <string><%= log %>/<%= app %>-<%= name %>-<%=num%>.log</string>
     <key>UserName</key>
     <string><%= user %></string>
     <key>WorkingDirectory</key>
-    <string><%= engine.directory %></string>
+    <string><%= engine.root %></string>
 </dict>
 </plist>
diff --git a/data/export/runit/log/run.erb b/data/export/runit/log/run.erb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc9cf56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/export/runit/log/run.erb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -e
+
+LOG=<%= log %>/<%= name %>-<%= num %>
+
+test -d "$LOG" || mkdir -p m2750 "$LOG" && chown <%= user %> "$LOG"
+exec chpst -u <%= user %> svlogd "$LOG"
diff --git a/data/export/runit/log_run.erb b/data/export/runit/log_run.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index ca143c9..0000000
--- a/data/export/runit/log_run.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-set -e
-
-LOG=<%= log_root %>/<%= process.name %>-<%= num %>
-
-test -d "$LOG" || mkdir -p m2750 "$LOG" && chown <%= user %> "$LOG"
-exec chpst -u <%= user %> svlogd "$LOG"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/export/runit/run.erb b/data/export/runit/run.erb
index a992edd..799568f 100644
--- a/data/export/runit/run.erb
+++ b/data/export/runit/run.erb
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 #!/bin/sh
-cd <%= engine.directory %>
-exec chpst -u <%= user %> -e <%= process_env_directory %> <%= process.command %>
\ No newline at end of file
+cd <%= engine.root %>
+exec chpst -u <%= user %> -e <%= File.join(location, "#{process_directory}/env")  %> <%= process.command %>
diff --git a/data/export/supervisord/app.conf.erb b/data/export/supervisord/app.conf.erb
index bb22c41..95f77bd 100644
--- a/data/export/supervisord/app.conf.erb
+++ b/data/export/supervisord/app.conf.erb
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 <%
 app_names = []
-engine.procfile.entries.each do |process|
-  next if (conc = self.concurrency[process.name]) < 1
-  1.upto(self.concurrency[process.name]) do |num|
-    port = engine.port_for(process, num, self.port)
-    name = if (conc > 1); "#{process.name}-#{num}" else process.name; end
-    environment = (engine.environment.keys.sort.map{ |var| %{#{var.upcase}="#{engine.environment[var]}"} } + [%{PORT="#{port}"}])
-    app_name = "#{app}-#{name}"
-    app_names << app_name
+engine.each_process do |name, process|
+  1.upto(engine.formation[name]) do |num|
+    port = engine.port_for(process, num)
+    full_name = "#{app}-#{name}-#{num}"
+    environment = engine.env.merge("PORT" => port.to_s).map do |key, value|
+      "#{key}=#{shell_quote(value)}"
+    end
+    app_names << full_name
 %>
-[program:<%= app_name %>]
+[program:<%= full_name %>]
 command=<%= process.command %>
 autostart=true
 autorestart=true
 stopsignal=QUIT
-stdout_logfile=<%= log_root %>/<%=process.name%>-<%=num%>-out.log
-stderr_logfile=<%= log_root %>/<%=process.name%>-<%=num%>-err.log
+stdout_logfile=<%= log %>/<%= name %>-<%= num %>.log
+stderr_logfile=<%= log %>/<%= name %>-<%= num %>.error.log
 user=<%= user %>
-directory=<%= engine.directory %>
+directory=<%= engine.root %>
 environment=<%= environment.join(',') %><%
   end
 end
diff --git a/data/export/upstart/master.conf.erb b/data/export/upstart/master.conf.erb
index bff9962..a0b94aa 100644
--- a/data/export/upstart/master.conf.erb
+++ b/data/export/upstart/master.conf.erb
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 pre-start script
 
 bash << "EOF"
-  mkdir -p <%= log_root %>
-  chown -R <%= user %> <%= log_root %>
+  mkdir -p <%= log %>
+  chown -R <%= user %> <%= log %>
 EOF
 
 end script
diff --git a/data/export/upstart/process.conf.erb b/data/export/upstart/process.conf.erb
index b5c762c..9eb6770 100644
--- a/data/export/upstart/process.conf.erb
+++ b/data/export/upstart/process.conf.erb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-start on starting <%= app %>-<%= process.name %>
-stop on stopping <%= app %>-<%= process.name %>
+start on starting <%= app %>-<%= name %>
+stop on stopping <%= app %>-<%= name %>
 respawn
 
-exec su - <%= user %> -c 'cd <%= engine.directory %>; export PORT=<%= port %>;<% engine.environment.each_pair do |var,env| %> export <%= var.upcase %>=<%= shell_quote(env) %>; <% end %> <%= process.command %> >> <%= log_root %>/<%=process.name%>-<%=num%>.log 2>&1'
+exec su - <%= user %> -c 'cd <%= engine.root %>; export PORT=<%= port %>;<% engine.env.each_pair do |var,env| %> export <%= var.upcase %>=<%= shell_quote(env) %>; <% end %> <%= process.command %> >> <%= log %>/<%=name%>-<%=num%>.log 2>&1'
diff --git a/lib/foreman/cli.rb b/lib/foreman/cli.rb
index 1d1461d..8a62b78 100644
--- a/lib/foreman/cli.rb
+++ b/lib/foreman/cli.rb
@@ -1,38 +1,37 @@
 require "foreman"
 require "foreman/helpers"
 require "foreman/engine"
-require "foreman/tmux_engine"
+require "foreman/engine/cli"
 require "foreman/export"
 require "shellwords"
 require "thor"
-require "yaml"
 
 class Foreman::CLI < Thor
+
   include Foreman::Helpers
 
   class_option :procfile, :type => :string, :aliases => "-f", :desc => "Default: Procfile"
-  class_option :tmux, :type => :boolean, :aliases => "-t", :desc => "Run in tmux session"
+  class_option :root,     :type => :string, :aliases => "-d", :desc => "Default: Procfile directory"
 
   desc "start [PROCESS]", "Start the application (or a specific PROCESS)"
 
-  class_option :procfile, :type => :string, :aliases => "-f", :desc => "Default: Procfile"
-  class_option :app_root, :type => :string, :aliases => "-d", :desc => "Default: Procfile directory"
-
-  method_option :env,         :type => :string,  :aliases => "-e", :desc => "Specify an environment file to load, defaults to .env"
-  method_option :port,        :type => :numeric, :aliases => "-p"
-  method_option :concurrency, :type => :string,  :aliases => "-c", :banner => '"alpha=5,bar=3"'
+  method_option :env,       :type => :string,  :aliases => "-e", :desc => "Specify an environment file to load, defaults to .env"
+  method_option :formation, :type => :string,  :aliases => "-m", :banner => '"alpha=5,bar=3"'
+  method_option :port,      :type => :numeric, :aliases => "-p"
 
   class << self
     # Hackery. Take the run method away from Thor so that we can redefine it.
     def is_thor_reserved_word?(word, type)
-      return false if word == 'run'
+      return false if word == "run"
       super
     end
   end
 
   def start(process=nil)
     check_procfile!
-    engine.options[:concurrency] = "#{process}=1" if process
+    load_environment!
+    engine.load_procfile(procfile)
+    engine.options[:formation] = "#{process}=1" if process
     engine.start
   end
 
@@ -48,6 +47,8 @@ class Foreman::CLI < Thor
 
   def export(format, location=nil)
     check_procfile!
+    load_environment!
+    engine.load_procfile(procfile)
     formatter = Foreman::Export.formatter(format)
     formatter.new(location, engine, options).export
   rescue Foreman::Export::Exception => ex
@@ -58,16 +59,19 @@ class Foreman::CLI < Thor
 
   def check
     check_procfile!
-    error "no processes defined" unless engine.procfile.entries.length > 0
-    puts "valid procfile detected (#{engine.procfile.process_names.join(', ')})"
+    engine.load_procfile(procfile)
+    error "no processes defined" unless engine.processes.length > 0
+    puts "valid procfile detected (#{engine.process_names.join(', ')})"
   end
 
   desc "run COMMAND [ARGS...]", "Run a command using your application's environment"
 
+  method_option :env, :type => :string, :aliases => "-e", :desc => "Specify an environment file to load, defaults to .env"
+
   def run(*args)
-    engine.apply_environment!
+    load_environment!
     begin
-      exec args.shelljoin
+      exec engine.env, args.shelljoin
     rescue Errno::EACCES
       error "not executable: #{args.first}"
     rescue Errno::ENOENT
@@ -75,44 +79,55 @@ class Foreman::CLI < Thor
     end
   end
 
-  class << self
-    def new_engine(procfile, options)
-      @engine_class ||= options[:tmux] ? Foreman::TmuxEngine : Foreman::Engine
-      @engine_class.new(procfile, options)
-    end
-
-    def engine_class=(klass)
-      @engine_class = klass
+  no_tasks do
+    def engine
+      @engine ||= begin
+        engine_class = Foreman::Engine::CLI
+        engine = engine_class.new(
+          :formation => options[:formation],
+          :port      => options[:port],
+          :root      => options[:root]
+        )
+        engine
+      end
     end
   end
 
 private ######################################################################
 
+  def error(message)
+    puts "ERROR: #{message}"
+    exit 1
+  end
+
   def check_procfile!
     error("#{procfile} does not exist.") unless File.exist?(procfile)
   end
 
-  def engine
-    @engine ||= self.class.new_engine(procfile, options)
+  def load_environment!
+    if options[:env]
+      options[:env].split(",").each do |file|
+        engine.load_env file
+      end
+    else
+      default_env = File.join(engine.root, ".env")
+      engine.load_env default_env if File.exists?(default_env)
+    end
   end
 
   def procfile
     case
       when options[:procfile] then options[:procfile]
-      when options[:app_root] then File.expand_path(File.join(options[:app_root], "Procfile"))
+      when options[:root]     then File.expand_path(File.join(options[:app_root], "Procfile"))
       else "Procfile"
     end
   end
 
-  def error(message)
-    puts "ERROR: #{message}"
-    exit 1
-  end
-
   def options
     original_options = super
     return original_options unless File.exists?(".foreman")
     defaults = YAML::load_file(".foreman") || {}
     Thor::CoreExt::HashWithIndifferentAccess.new(defaults.merge(original_options))
   end
+
 end
diff --git a/lib/foreman/color.rb b/lib/foreman/color.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index ff0157b..0000000
--- a/lib/foreman/color.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-require "foreman"
-
-module Foreman::Color
-
-  ANSI = {
-    :reset          => 0,
-    :black          => 30,
-    :red            => 31,
-    :green          => 32,
-    :yellow         => 33,
-    :blue           => 34,
-    :magenta        => 35,
-    :cyan           => 36,
-    :white          => 37,
-    :bright_black   => 30,
-    :bright_red     => 31,
-    :bright_green   => 32,
-    :bright_yellow  => 33,
-    :bright_blue    => 34,
-    :bright_magenta => 35,
-    :bright_cyan    => 36,
-    :bright_white   => 37,
-  }
-
-  def self.enable(io)
-    io.extend(self)
-  end
-
-  def color?
-    return false unless self.respond_to?(:isatty)
-    self.isatty && ENV["TERM"]
-  end
-
-  def color(name)
-    return "" unless color?
-    return "" unless ansi = ANSI[name.to_sym]
-    "\e[#{ansi}m"
-  end
-
-end
diff --git a/lib/foreman/engine.rb b/lib/foreman/engine.rb
index 416b9ff..9ab6069 100644
--- a/lib/foreman/engine.rb
+++ b/lib/foreman/engine.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 require "foreman"
-require "foreman/color"
+require "foreman/env"
 require "foreman/process"
 require "foreman/procfile"
-require "foreman/utils"
 require "tempfile"
 require "timeout"
 require "fileutils"
@@ -10,126 +9,252 @@ require "thread"
 
 class Foreman::Engine
 
-  attr_reader :environment
-  attr_reader :procfile
-  attr_reader :directory
+  attr_reader :env
   attr_reader :options
+  attr_reader :processes
 
-  COLORS = %w( cyan yellow green magenta red blue intense_cyan intense_yellow
-               intense_green intense_magenta intense_red, intense_blue )
-
-  Foreman::Color.enable($stdout)
-
-  def initialize(procfile, options={})
-    @procfile  = Foreman::Procfile.new(procfile) if File.exists?(procfile)
-    @directory = options[:app_root] || File.expand_path(File.dirname(procfile))
+  # Create an +Engine+ for running processes
+  #
+  # @param [Hash] options
+  #
+  # @option options [String] :formation (all=1)    The process formation to use
+  # @option options [Fixnum] :port      (5000)     The base port to assign to processes
+  # @option options [String] :root      (Dir.pwd)  The root directory from which to run processes
+  #
+  def initialize(options={})
     @options = options.dup
-    @output_mutex = Mutex.new
 
-    @options[:env] ||= default_env
-    @environment = read_environment_files(@options[:env])
+    @options[:formation] ||= "all=1"
+
+    @env       = {}
+    @mutex     = Mutex.new
+    @names     = {}
+    @processes = []
+    @running   = {}
+    @readers   = {}
   end
 
+  # Start the processes registered to this +Engine+
+  #
   def start
-    proctitle "ruby: foreman master"
-    termtitle "#{File.basename(@directory)} - foreman"
-
     trap("TERM") { puts "SIGTERM received"; terminate_gracefully }
     trap("INT")  { puts "SIGINT received";  terminate_gracefully }
     trap("HUP")  { puts "SIGHUP received";  terminate_gracefully }
 
-    assign_colors
+    startup
     spawn_processes
     watch_for_output
-    watch_for_termination
+    sleep 0.1
+    watch_for_termination { terminate_gracefully }
+    shutdown
   end
 
-  def port_for(process, num, base_port=nil)
-    base_port ||= 5000
-    offset = procfile.process_names.index(process.name) * 100
-    base_port.to_i + offset + num - 1
+  # Register a process to be run by this +Engine+
+  #
+  # @param [String] name     A name for this process
+  # @param [String] command  The command to run
+  # @param [Hash]   options
+  #
+  # @option options [Hash] :env  A custom environment for this process
+  #
+  def register(name, command, options={})
+    options[:env] ||= env
+    options[:cwd] ||= File.dirname(command.split(" ").first)
+    process = Foreman::Process.new(command, options)
+    @names[process] = name
+    @processes << process
   end
 
-  def apply_environment!
-    environment.each { |k,v| ENV[k] = v }
+  # Clear the processes registered to this +Engine+
+  #
+  def clear
+    @names     = {}
+    @processes = []
   end
 
-  def self.read_environment(filename)
-    return {} unless File.exists?(filename)
+  # Register processes by reading a Procfile
+  #
+  # @param [String] filename  A Procfile from which to read processes to register
+  #
+  def load_procfile(filename)
+    options[:root] ||= File.dirname(filename)
+    Foreman::Procfile.new(filename).entries do |name, command|
+      register name, command, :cwd => options[:root]
+    end
+    self
+  end
 
-    File.read(filename).split("\n").inject({}) do |hash, line|
-      if line =~ /\A([A-Za-z_0-9]+)=(.*)\z/
-        key, val = [$1, $2]
-        case val
-          when /\A'(.*)'\z/ then hash[key] = $1
-          when /\A"(.*)"\z/ then hash[key] = $1.gsub(/\\(.)/, '\1')
-          else hash[key] = val
-        end
-      end
-      hash
+  # Load a .env file into the +env+ for this +Engine+
+  #
+  # @param [String] filename  A .env file to load into the environment
+  #
+  def load_env(filename)
+    Foreman::Env.new(filename).entries do |name, value|
+      @env[name] = value
     end
   end
 
-private ######################################################################
-
-  def spawn_processes
-    concurrency = Foreman::Utils.parse_concurrency(@options[:concurrency])
-
-    procfile.entries.each do |entry|
-      reader, writer = (IO.method(:pipe).arity == 0 ? IO.pipe : IO.pipe("BINARY"))
-      entry.spawn(concurrency[entry.name], writer, @directory, @environment, port_for(entry, 1, base_port)).each do |process|
-        running_processes[process.pid] = process
-        readers[process] = reader
+  # Send a signal to all processesstarted by this +Engine+
+  #
+  # @param [String] signal  The signal to send to each process
+  #
+  def killall(signal="SIGTERM")
+    @running.each do |pid, (process, index)|
+      system "sending #{signal} to #{name_for(pid)} at pid #{pid}"
+      begin
+        Process.kill(signal, -1 * pid)
+      rescue Errno::ESRCH, Errno::EPERM
       end
     end
   end
 
+  # Get the process formation
+  #
+  # @returns [Fixnum]  The formation count for the specified process
+  #
+  def formation
+    @formation ||= parse_formation(options[:formation])
+  end
+
+  # List the available process names
+  #
+  # @returns [Array]  A list of process names
+  #
+  def process_names
+    @processes.map { |p| @names[p] }
+  end
+
+  # Get the +Process+ for a specifid name
+  #
+  # @param [String] name  The process name
+  #
+  # @returns [Foreman::Process]  The +Process+ for the specified name
+  #
+  def process(name)
+    @names.invert[name]
+  end
+
+  # Yield each +Process+ in order
+  #
+  def each_process
+    process_names.each do |name|
+      yield name, process(name)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Get the root directory for this +Engine+
+  #
+  # @returns [String]  The root directory
+  #
+  def root
+    File.expand_path(options[:root] || Dir.pwd)
+  end
+
+  # Get the port for a given process and offset
+  #
+  # @param [Foreman::Process] process   A +Process+ associated with this engine
+  # @param [Fixnum]           instance  The instance of the process
+  # 
+  # @returns [Fixnum] port  The port to use for this instance of this process
+  #
+  def port_for(process, instance)
+    base_port + (@processes.index(process) * 100) + (instance - 1)
+  end
+
+private
+
+### Engine API ######################################################
+
+  def startup
+    raise TypeError, "must use a subclass of Foreman::Engine"
+  end
+
+  def output(name, data)
+    raise TypeError, "must use a subclass of Foreman::Engine"
+  end
+
+  def shutdown
+    raise TypeError, "must use a subclass of Foreman::Engine"
+  end
+
+## Helpers ##########################################################
+
   def base_port
-    options[:port] || environment["PORT"] || ENV["PORT"] || 5000
+    (options[:port] || env["PORT"] || ENV["PORT"] || 5000).to_i
   end
 
-  def kill_all(signal="SIGTERM")
-    running_processes.each do |pid, process|
-      info "sending #{signal} to pid #{pid}"
-      process.kill signal
+  def create_pipe
+    IO.method(:pipe).arity.zero? ? IO.pipe : IO.pipe("BINARY")
+  end
+
+  def name_for(pid)
+    process, index = @running[pid]
+    [ @names[process], index.to_s ].compact.join(".")
+  end
+
+  def parse_formation(formation)
+    pairs = @options[:formation].to_s.gsub(/\s/, "").split(",")
+
+    pairs.inject(Hash.new(0)) do |ax, pair|
+      process, amount = pair.split("=")
+      process == "all" ? ax.default = amount.to_i : ax[process] = amount.to_i
+      ax
     end
   end
 
-  def terminate_gracefully
-    return if @terminating
-    @terminating = true
-    info "sending SIGTERM to all processes"
-    kill_all "SIGTERM"
-    Timeout.timeout(5) do
-      while running_processes.length > 0
-        pid, status = Process.wait2
-        process = running_processes.delete(pid)
-        info "process terminated", process.name
+  def output_with_mutex(name, message)
+    @mutex.synchronize do
+      output name, message
+    end
+  end
+
+  def system(message)
+    output_with_mutex "system", message
+  end
+
+  def termination_message_for(status)
+    if status.exited?
+      "exited with code #{status.exitstatus}"
+    elsif status.signaled?
+      "terminated by SIG#{Signal.list.invert[status.termsig]}"
+    else
+      "died a mysterious death"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def flush_reader(reader)
+    until reader.eof?
+      data = reader.gets
+      output_with_mutex name_for(@readers.key(reader)), data
+    end
+  end
+
+## Engine ###########################################################
+
+  def spawn_processes
+    @processes.each do |process|
+      1.upto(formation[@names[process]]) do |n|
+        reader, writer = create_pipe
+        begin
+          pid = process.run(:output => writer, :env => { "PORT" => port_for(process, n).to_s })
+          writer.puts "started with pid #{pid}"
+        rescue Errno::ENOENT
+          writer.puts "unknown command: #{process.command}"
+        end
+        @running[pid] = [process, n]
+        @readers[pid] = reader
       end
     end
-  rescue Timeout::Error
-    info "sending SIGKILL to all processes"
-    kill_all "SIGKILL"
-  end
-
-  def poll_readers
-    rs, ws = IO.select(readers.values, [], [], 1)
-    (rs || []).each do |r|
-      data = r.gets
-      next unless data
-      data.force_encoding("BINARY") if data.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
-      ps, message = data.split(",", 2)
-      color = colors[ps.split(".").first]
-      info message, ps, color
-    end
   end
 
   def watch_for_output
     Thread.new do
-      require "win32console" if Foreman.windows?
       begin
         loop do
-          poll_readers
+          (IO.select(@readers.values).first || []).each do |reader|
+            data = reader.gets
+            output_with_mutex name_for(@readers.key(reader)), data
+          end
         end
       rescue Exception => ex
         puts ex.message
@@ -140,89 +265,24 @@ private ######################################################################
 
   def watch_for_termination
     pid, status = Process.wait2
-    process = running_processes.delete(pid)
-    info "process terminated", process.name
-    terminate_gracefully
+    output_with_mutex name_for(pid), termination_message_for(status)
+    @running.delete(pid)
+    yield if block_given?
+    pid
   rescue Errno::ECHILD
   end
 
-  def info(message, name="system", color=:white)
-    output  = ""
-    output += $stdout.color(color)
-    output += "#{Time.now.strftime("%H:%M:%S")} #{pad_process_name(name)} | "
-    output += $stdout.color(:reset)
-    output += message.chomp
-    puts output
-  end
-
-  def print(message=nil)
-    @output_mutex.synchronize do
-      $stdout.print message
+  def terminate_gracefully
+    return if @terminating
+    @terminating = true
+    system  "sending SIGTERM to all processes"
+    killall "SIGTERM"
+    Timeout.timeout(5) do
+      watch_for_termination while @running.length > 0
     end
-  end
-
-  def puts(message=nil)
-    @output_mutex.synchronize do
-      $stdout.puts message
-    end
-  end
-
-  def longest_process_name
-    @longest_process_name ||= begin
-      longest = procfile.process_names.map { |name| name.length }.sort.last
-      longest = 6 if longest < 6 # system
-      longest
-    end
-  end
-
-  def pad_process_name(name="system")
-    name.to_s.ljust(longest_process_name + 3) # add 3 for process number padding
-  end
-
-  def proctitle(title)
-    $0 = title
-  end
-
-  def termtitle(title)
-    printf("\033]0;#{title}\007") unless Foreman.windows?
-  end
-
-  def running_processes
-    @running_processes ||= {}
-  end
-
-  def readers
-    @readers ||= {}
-  end
-
-  def colors
-    @colors ||= {}
-  end
-
-  def assign_colors
-    procfile.entries.each_with_index do |entry, idx|
-      colors[entry.name] = COLORS[idx % COLORS.length]
-    end
-  end
-
-  def process_by_reader(reader)
-    readers.invert[reader]
-  end
-
-  def read_environment_files(filenames)
-    environment = {}
-
-    (filenames || "").split(",").map(&:strip).each do |filename|
-      error "No such file: #{filename}" unless File.exists?(filename)
-      environment.merge!(Foreman::Engine.read_environment(filename))
-    end
-
-    environment
-  end
-
-  def default_env
-    env = File.join(directory, ".env")
-    File.exists?(env) ? env : ""
+  rescue Timeout::Error
+    system  "sending SIGKILL to all processes"
+    killall "SIGKILL"
   end
 
 end
diff --git a/lib/foreman/engine/cli.rb b/lib/foreman/engine/cli.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d669aba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/foreman/engine/cli.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+require "foreman/engine"
+
+class Foreman::Engine::CLI < Foreman::Engine
+
+  module Color
+
+    ANSI = {
+      :reset          => 0,
+      :black          => 30,
+      :red            => 31,
+      :green          => 32,
+      :yellow         => 33,
+      :blue           => 34,
+      :magenta        => 35,
+      :cyan           => 36,
+      :white          => 37,
+      :bright_black   => 30,
+      :bright_red     => 31,
+      :bright_green   => 32,
+      :bright_yellow  => 33,
+      :bright_blue    => 34,
+      :bright_magenta => 35,
+      :bright_cyan    => 36,
+      :bright_white   => 37,
+    }
+
+    def self.enable(io)
+      io.extend(self)
+    end
+
+    def color?
+      return false unless self.respond_to?(:isatty)
+      self.isatty && ENV["TERM"]
+    end
+
+    def color(name)
+      return "" unless color?
+      return "" unless ansi = ANSI[name.to_sym]
+      "\e[#{ansi}m"
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  FOREMAN_COLORS = %w( cyan yellow green magenta red blue intense_cyan intense_yellow
+                       intense_green intense_magenta intense_red, intense_blue )
+
+  def startup
+    @colors = map_colors
+    proctitle "foreman: master"
+  end
+
+  def output(name, data)
+    data.to_s.chomp.split("\n").each do |message|
+      Color.enable($stdout) unless $stdout.respond_to?(:color?)
+      output  = ""
+      output += $stdout.color(@colors[name.split(".").first].to_sym)
+      output += "#{Time.now.strftime("%H:%M:%S")} #{pad_process_name(name)} | "
+      output += $stdout.color(:reset)
+      output += message
+      $stdout.puts output
+    end
+  end
+
+  def shutdown
+  end
+
+private
+
+  def name_padding
+    @name_padding ||= begin
+      index_padding = @names.values.map { |n| formation[n] }.max.to_s.length + 1
+      name_padding  = @names.values.map { |n| n.length + index_padding }.sort.last
+      [ 6, name_padding ].max
+    end
+  end
+
+  def pad_process_name(name)
+    name.ljust(name_padding, " ")
+  end
+
+  def map_colors
+    colors = Hash.new("white")
+    @names.values.each_with_index do |name, index|
+      colors[name] = FOREMAN_COLORS[index % FOREMAN_COLORS.length]
+    end
+    colors["system"] = "intense_white"
+    colors
+  end
+
+  def proctitle(title)
+    $0 = title
+  end
+
+  def termtitle(title)
+    printf("\033]0;#{title}\007") unless Foreman.windows?
+  end
+
+end
diff --git a/lib/foreman/env.rb b/lib/foreman/env.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..788c1e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/foreman/env.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+require "foreman"
+
+class Foreman::Env
+
+  attr_reader :entries
+
+  def initialize(filename)
+    @entries = File.read(filename).split("\n").inject({}) do |ax, line|
+      if line =~ /\A([A-Za-z_0-9]+)=(.*)\z/
+        key = $1
+        case val = $2
+          when /\A'(.*)'\z/ then ax[key] = $1
+          when /\A"(.*)"\z/ then ax[key] = $1.gsub(/\\(.)/, '\1')
+          else ax[key] = val
+        end
+      end
+      ax
+    end
+  end
+
+  def entries
+    @entries.each do |key, value|
+      yield key, value
+    end
+  end
+
+end
diff --git a/lib/foreman/export.rb b/lib/foreman/export.rb
index 97f7188..71eb19b 100644
--- a/lib/foreman/export.rb
+++ b/lib/foreman/export.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ module Foreman::Export
 
 end
 
-
 require "foreman/export/base"
 require "foreman/export/inittab"
 require "foreman/export/upstart"
diff --git a/lib/foreman/export/base.rb b/lib/foreman/export/base.rb
index 9580971..fca2844 100644
--- a/lib/foreman/export/base.rb
+++ b/lib/foreman/export/base.rb
@@ -1,23 +1,37 @@
 require "foreman/export"
-require "foreman/utils"
+require "shellwords"
 
 class Foreman::Export::Base
 
-  attr_reader :location, :engine, :app, :log, :port, :user, :template, :concurrency
+  attr_reader :location
+  attr_reader :engine
+  attr_reader :options
+  attr_reader :formation
 
   def initialize(location, engine, options={})
-    @location    = location
-    @engine      = engine
-    @app         = options[:app]
-    @log         = options[:log]
-    @port        = options[:port]
-    @user        = options[:user]
-    @template    = options[:template]
-    @concurrency = Foreman::Utils.parse_concurrency(options[:concurrency])
+    @location  = location
+    @engine    = engine
+    @options   = options.dup
+    @formation = engine.formation
   end
 
   def export
-    raise "export method must be overridden"
+    error("Must specify a location") unless location
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p(location) rescue error("Could not create: #{location}")
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p(log) rescue error("Could not create: #{log}")
+    FileUtils.chown(user, nil, log) rescue error("Could not chown #{log} to #{user}")
+  end
+
+  def app
+    options[:app] || "app"
+  end
+
+  def log
+    options[:log] || "/var/log/#{app}"
+  end
+
+  def user
+    options[:user] || app
   end
 
 private ######################################################################
@@ -29,38 +43,47 @@ private ######################################################################
   def say(message)
     puts "[foreman export] %s" % message
   end
+  
+  def clean(filename)
+    return unless File.exists?(filename)
+    say "cleaning up: #{filename}"
+    FileUtils.rm(filename)
+  end
 
-  def export_template(exporter, file, template_root)
-    if template_root && File.exist?(file_path = File.join(template_root, file))
-      File.read(file_path)
-    elsif File.exist?(file_path = File.expand_path(File.join("~/.foreman/templates", file)))
-      File.read(file_path)
-    else
-      File.read(File.expand_path("../../../../data/export/#{exporter}/#{file}", __FILE__))
-    end
+  def shell_quote(value)
+    '"' + Shellwords.escape(value) + '"'
+  end
+
+  def export_template(name)
+    name_without_first = name.split("/")[1..-1].join("/")
+    matchers = []
+    matchers << File.join(options[:template], name_without_first) if options[:template]
+    matchers << File.expand_path("~/.foreman/templates/#{name}")
+    matchers << File.expand_path("../../../../data/export/#{name}", __FILE__)
+    File.read(matchers.detect { |m| File.exists?(m) })
+  end
+
+  def write_template(name, target, binding)
+    compiled = ERB.new(export_template(name)).result(binding)
+    write_file target, compiled
+  end
+
+  def chmod(mode, file)
+    say "setting #{file} to mode #{mode}"
+    FileUtils.chmod mode, File.join(location, file)
+  end
+
+  def create_directory(dir)
+    say "creating: #{dir}"
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.join(location, dir))
   end
 
   def write_file(filename, contents)
     say "writing: #{filename}"
 
-    File.open(filename, "w") do |file|
+    File.open(File.join(location, filename), "w") do |file|
       file.puts contents
     end
   end
 
-  # Quote a string to be used on the command line. Backslashes are escapde to \\ and quotes 
-  # escaped to \"
-  #
-  #   str - string to be quoted
-  #
-  # Examples
-  # 
-  #  shell_quote("FB|123\"\\1")
-  #  # => "\"FB|123\"\\"\\\\1\""
-  #
-  # Returns the the escaped string surrounded by quotes 
-  def shell_quote(str)
-    "\"#{str.gsub(/\\/){ '\\\\' }.gsub(/["]/){ "\\\"" }}\""
-  end
-
 end
diff --git a/lib/foreman/export/bluepill.rb b/lib/foreman/export/bluepill.rb
index b72da2e..1372b5a 100644
--- a/lib/foreman/export/bluepill.rb
+++ b/lib/foreman/export/bluepill.rb
@@ -4,23 +4,9 @@ require "foreman/export"
 class Foreman::Export::Bluepill < Foreman::Export::Base
 
   def export
-    error("Must specify a location") unless location
-
-    FileUtils.mkdir_p location
-
-    app = self.app || File.basename(engine.directory)
-    user = self.user || app
-    log_root = self.log || "/var/log/#{app}"
-    template_root = self.template
-
-    Dir["#{location}/#{app}.pill"].each do |file|
-      say "cleaning up: #{file}"
-      FileUtils.rm(file)
-    end
-
-    master_template = export_template("bluepill", "master.pill.erb", template_root)
-    master_config   = ERB.new(master_template).result(binding)
-    write_file "#{location}/#{app}.pill", master_config
+    super
+    clean "#{location}/#{app}.pill"
+    write_template "bluepill/master.pill.erb", "#{app}.pill", binding
   end
 
 end
diff --git a/lib/foreman/export/inittab.rb b/lib/foreman/export/inittab.rb
index 31b8036..28b04a8 100644
--- a/lib/foreman/export/inittab.rb
+++ b/lib/foreman/export/inittab.rb
@@ -3,21 +3,19 @@ require "foreman/export"
 class Foreman::Export::Inittab < Foreman::Export::Base
 
   def export
-    app = self.app || File.basename(engine.directory)
-    user = self.user || app
-    log_root = self.log || "/var/log/#{app}"
+    error("Must specify a location") unless location
 
     inittab = []
     inittab << "# ----- foreman #{app} processes -----"
 
-    engine.procfile.entries.inject(1) do |index, process|
-      1.upto(self.concurrency[process.name]) do |num|
+    index = 1
+    engine.each_process do |name, process|
+      1.upto(engine.formation[name]) do |num|
         id = app.slice(0, 2).upcase + sprintf("%02d", index)
-        port = engine.port_for(process, num, self.port)
-        inittab << "#{id}:4:respawn:/bin/su - #{user} -c 'PORT=#{port} #{process.command} >> #{log_root}/#{process.name}-#{num}.log 2>&1'"
+        port = engine.port_for(process, num)
+        inittab << "#{id}:4:respawn:/bin/su - #{user} -c 'PORT=#{port} #{process.command} >> #{log}/#{name}-#{num}.log 2>&1'"
         index += 1
       end
-      index
     end
 
     inittab << "# ----- end foreman #{app} processes -----"
@@ -27,9 +25,8 @@ class Foreman::Export::Inittab < Foreman::Export::Base
     if location == "-"
       puts inittab
     else
-      FileUtils.mkdir_p(log_root) rescue error "could not create #{log_root}"
-      FileUtils.chown(user, nil, log_root) rescue error "could not chown #{log_root} to #{user}"
-      write_file(location, inittab)
+      say "writing: #{location}"
+      File.open(location, "w") { |file| file.puts inittab }
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/lib/foreman/export/launchd.rb b/lib/foreman/export/launchd.rb
index 003a075..fd73681 100644
--- a/lib/foreman/export/launchd.rb
+++ b/lib/foreman/export/launchd.rb
@@ -4,24 +4,12 @@ require "foreman/export"
 class Foreman::Export::Launchd < Foreman::Export::Base
 
   def export
-    error("Must specify a location") unless location
-    
-    app = self.app || File.basename(engine.directory)
-    user = self.user || app
-    log_root = self.log || "/var/log/#{app}"
-    template_root = self.template
-    
-    FileUtils.mkdir_p(location)
-    
-    engine.procfile.entries.each do |process|
-      1.upto(self.concurrency[process.name]) do |num|
-
-        master_template = export_template("launchd", "launchd.plist.erb", template_root)
-        master_config   = ERB.new(master_template).result(binding)
-        write_file "#{location}/#{app}-#{process.name}-#{num}.plist", master_config
+    super
+    engine.each_process do |name, process|
+      1.upto(engine.formation[name]) do |num|
+        write_template "launchd/launchd.plist.erb", "#{app}-#{name}-#{num}.plist", binding
       end
     end
-    
   end
 
 end
diff --git a/lib/foreman/export/runit.rb b/lib/foreman/export/runit.rb
index b71b279..ce22d0e 100644
--- a/lib/foreman/export/runit.rb
+++ b/lib/foreman/export/runit.rb
@@ -2,58 +2,33 @@ require "erb"
 require "foreman/export"
 
 class Foreman::Export::Runit < Foreman::Export::Base
+
   ENV_VARIABLE_REGEX = /([a-zA-Z_]+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*)=(\S+)/
 
   def export
-    error("Must specify a location") unless location
+    super
 
-    app = self.app || File.basename(engine.directory)
-    user = self.user || app
-    log_root = self.log || "/var/log/#{app}"
-    template_root = self.template
-
-    run_template = export_template('runit', 'run.erb', template_root)
-    log_run_template = export_template('runit', 'log_run.erb', template_root)
-
-    engine.procfile.entries.each do |process|
-      1.upto(self.concurrency[process.name]) do |num|
-        process_directory     = "#{location}/#{app}-#{process.name}-#{num}"
-        process_env_directory = "#{process_directory}/env"
-        process_log_directory = "#{process_directory}/log"
+    engine.each_process do |name, process|
+      1.upto(engine.formation[name]) do |num|
+        process_directory = "#{app}-#{name}-#{num}"
 
         create_directory process_directory
-        create_directory process_env_directory
-        create_directory process_log_directory
+        create_directory "#{process_directory}/env"
+        create_directory "#{process_directory}/log"
 
-        run = ERB.new(run_template).result(binding)
-        write_file "#{process_directory}/run", run
-        FileUtils.chmod 0755, "#{process_directory}/run"
+        write_template "runit/run.erb", "#{process_directory}/run", binding
+        chmod 0755, "#{process_directory}/run"
 
-        port = engine.port_for(process, num, self.port)
-        environment_variables = {'PORT' => port}.
-            merge(engine.environment).
-            merge(inline_variables(process.command))
-
-        environment_variables.each_pair do |var, env|
-          write_file "#{process_env_directory}/#{var.upcase}", env
+        port = engine.port_for(process, num)
+        engine.env.merge("PORT" => port.to_s).each do |key, value|
+          write_file "#{process_directory}/env/#{key}", value
         end
 
-        log_run = ERB.new(log_run_template).result(binding)
-        write_file "#{process_log_directory}/run", log_run
-        FileUtils.chmod 0755, "#{process_log_directory}/run"
+        write_template "runit/log/run.erb", "#{process_directory}/log/run", binding
+        chmod 0755, "#{process_directory}/log/run"
       end
     end
 
   end
 
-  private
-  def create_directory(location)
-    say "creating: #{location}"
-    FileUtils.mkdir_p(location)
-  end
-
-  def inline_variables(command)
-    variable_name_regex =
-    Hash[*command.scan(ENV_VARIABLE_REGEX).flatten]
-  end
 end
diff --git a/lib/foreman/export/supervisord.rb b/lib/foreman/export/supervisord.rb
index 11eedd6..8a3a4dd 100644
--- a/lib/foreman/export/supervisord.rb
+++ b/lib/foreman/export/supervisord.rb
@@ -4,23 +4,13 @@ require "foreman/export"
 class Foreman::Export::Supervisord < Foreman::Export::Base
 
   def export
-    error("Must specify a location") unless location
-
-    FileUtils.mkdir_p location
-
-    app = self.app || File.basename(engine.directory)
-    user = self.user || app
-    log_root = self.log || "/var/log/#{app}"
-    template_root = self.template
+    super
 
     Dir["#{location}/#{app}*.conf"].each do |file|
-      say "cleaning up: #{file}"
-      FileUtils.rm(file)
+      clean file
     end
 
-    app_template = export_template("supervisord", "app.conf.erb", template_root)
-    app_config   = ERB.new(app_template, 0, '<').result(binding)
-    write_file "#{location}/#{app}.conf", app_config
+    write_template "supervisord/app.conf.erb", "#{app}.conf", binding
   end
 
 end
diff --git a/lib/foreman/export/upstart.rb b/lib/foreman/export/upstart.rb
index 84966a0..01d36ef 100644
--- a/lib/foreman/export/upstart.rb
+++ b/lib/foreman/export/upstart.rb
@@ -4,40 +4,22 @@ require "foreman/export"
 class Foreman::Export::Upstart < Foreman::Export::Base
 
   def export
-    error("Must specify a location") unless location
-
-    FileUtils.mkdir_p location
-
-    app = self.app || File.basename(engine.directory)
-    user = self.user || app
-    log_root = self.log || "/var/log/#{app}"
-    template_root = self.template
+    super
 
     Dir["#{location}/#{app}*.conf"].each do |file|
-      say "cleaning up: #{file}"
-      FileUtils.rm(file)
+      clean file
     end
 
-    master_template = export_template("upstart", "master.conf.erb", template_root)
-    master_config   = ERB.new(master_template).result(binding)
-    write_file "#{location}/#{app}.conf", master_config
+    write_template "upstart/master.conf.erb", "#{app}.conf", binding
 
-    process_template = export_template("upstart", "process.conf.erb", template_root)
+    engine.each_process do |name, process|
+      next if engine.formation[name] < 1
+      write_template "upstart/process_master.conf.erb", "#{app}-#{name}.conf", binding
 
-    engine.procfile.entries.each do |process|
-      next if (conc = self.concurrency[process.name]) < 1
-      process_master_template = export_template("upstart", "process_master.conf.erb", template_root)
-      process_master_config   = ERB.new(process_master_template).result(binding)
-      write_file "#{location}/#{app}-#{process.name}.conf", process_master_config
-
-      1.upto(self.concurrency[process.name]) do |num|
-        port = engine.port_for(process, num, self.port)
-        process_config = ERB.new(process_template).result(binding)
-        write_file "#{location}/#{app}-#{process.name}-#{num}.conf", process_config
+      1.upto(engine.formation[name]) do |num|
+        port = engine.port_for(process, num)
+        write_template "upstart/process.conf.erb", "#{app}-#{name}-#{num}.conf", binding
       end
     end
-
-    FileUtils.mkdir_p(log_root) rescue error "could not create #{log_root}"
-    FileUtils.chown(user, nil, log_root) rescue error "could not chown #{log_root} to #{user}"
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/foreman/process.rb b/lib/foreman/process.rb
index ebd8529..d4f7f59 100644
--- a/lib/foreman/process.rb
+++ b/lib/foreman/process.rb
@@ -3,94 +3,83 @@ require "rubygems"
 
 class Foreman::Process
 
-  attr_reader :entry
-  attr_reader :num
-  attr_reader :pid
-  attr_reader :port
+  attr_reader :command
+  attr_reader :env
 
-  def initialize(entry, num, port)
-    @entry = entry
-    @num = num
-    @port = port
+  # Create a Process
+  #
+  # @param [String] command  The command to run
+  # @param [Hash]   options
+  #
+  # @option options [String] :cwd (./)  Change to this working directory before executing the process
+  # @option options [Hash]   :env ({})  Environment variables to set for this process
+  #
+  def initialize(command, options={})
+    @command = command
+    @options = options.dup
+
+    @options[:env] ||= {}
   end
 
-  def run(pipe, basedir, environment)
-    with_environment(environment.merge("PORT" => port.to_s)) do
-      run_process basedir, entry.command, pipe
+  # Run a +Process+
+  #
+  # @param [Hash] options
+  #
+  # @option options :env    ({})       Environment variables to set for this execution
+  # @option options :output ($stdout)  The output stream
+  #
+  # @returns [Fixnum] pid  The +pid+ of the process
+  #
+  def run(options={})
+    env    = options[:env] ? @options[:env].merge(options[:env]) : @options[:env]
+    output = options[:output] || $stdout
+
+    if Foreman.windows?
+      Dir.chdir(cwd) do
+        Process.spawn env, command, :out => output, :err => output, :new_pgroup => true
+      end
+    elsif Foreman.jruby?
+      Dir.chdir(cwd) do
+        require "posix/spawn"
+        POSIX::Spawn.spawn env, command, :out => output, :err => output, :pgroup => 0
+      end
+    else
+      Dir.chdir(cwd) do
+        Process.spawn env, command, :out => output, :err => output, :pgroup => 0
+      end
     end
   end
 
-  def name
-    "%s.%s" % [ entry.name, num ]
-  end
-
+  # Send a signal to this +Process+
+  #
+  # @param [String] signal  The signal to send
+  #
   def kill(signal)
-    pid && Process.kill(signal, pid)
+    pid && Process.kill(signal, -1 * pid)
   rescue Errno::ESRCH
     false
   end
 
-  def detach
-    pid && Process.detach(pid)
-  end
-
+  # Test whether or not this +Process+ is still running
+  #
+  # @returns [Boolean]
+  #
   def alive?
     kill(0)
   end
 
+  # Test whether or not this +Process+ has terminated
+  #
+  # @returns [Boolean]
+  #
   def dead?
     !alive?
   end
 
 private
 
-  def fork_with_io(command, basedir)
-    reader, writer = IO.pipe
-    command = replace_command_env(command)
-    pid = if Foreman.windows?
-      Dir.chdir(basedir) do
-        Process.spawn command, :out => writer, :err => writer
-      end
-    elsif Foreman.jruby?
-      require "posix/spawn"
-      POSIX::Spawn.spawn(Foreman.runner, "-d", basedir, command, {
-        :out => writer, :err => writer
-      })
-    else
-      fork do
-        writer.sync = true
-        $stdout.reopen writer
-        $stderr.reopen writer
-        reader.close
-        exec Foreman.runner, "-d", basedir, *command.shellsplit
-      end
-    end
-    [ reader, pid ]
+  def cwd
+    @options[:cwd] || "."
   end
 
-  def run_process(basedir, command, pipe)
-    io, @pid = fork_with_io(command, basedir)
-    output pipe, "started with pid %d" % @pid
-    Thread.new do
-      until io.eof?
-        output pipe, io.gets
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def output(pipe, message)
-    pipe.puts "%s,%s" % [ name, message ]
-  end
-
-  def replace_command_env(command)
-    command.gsub(/\$(\w+)/) { |e| ENV[e[1..-1]] }
-  end
-
-  def with_environment(environment)
-    original = ENV.to_hash
-    ENV.update environment
-    yield
-  ensure
-    ENV.replace original
-  end
 end
diff --git a/lib/foreman/procfile.rb b/lib/foreman/procfile.rb
index 6d69569..47238c5 100644
--- a/lib/foreman/procfile.rb
+++ b/lib/foreman/procfile.rb
@@ -1,56 +1,90 @@
 require "foreman"
-require "foreman/procfile_entry"
 
-# A valid Procfile entry is captured by this regex.
+# Reads and writes Procfiles
+#
+# A valid Procfile entry is captured by this regex:
+#
+#   /^([A-Za-z0-9_]+):\s*(.+)$/
+#
 # All other lines are ignored.
 #
-# /^([A-Za-z0-9_]+):\s*(.+)$/
-#
-# $1 = name
-# $2 = command
-#
 class Foreman::Procfile
 
-  attr_reader :entries
-
+  # Initialize a Procfile
+  #
+  # @param [String] filename (nil)  An optional filename to read from
+  #
   def initialize(filename=nil)
     @entries = []
     load(filename) if filename
   end
 
-  def [](name)
-    entries.detect { |entry| entry.name == name }
-  end
-
-  def process_names
-    entries.map(&:name)
-  end
-
-  def load(filename)
-    entries.clear
-    parse_procfile(filename)
-  end
-
-  def write(filename)
-    File.open(filename, 'w') do |io|
-      entries.each do |ent|
-        io.puts(ent)
-      end
+  # Yield each +Procfile+ entry in order
+  #
+  def entries(&blk)
+    @entries.each do |(name, command)|
+      yield name, command
     end
   end
 
-  def <<(entry)
-    entries << Foreman::ProcfileEntry.new(*entry)
-    self
+  # Retrieve a +Procfile+ command by name
+  #
+  # @param [String] name  The name of the Procfile entry to retrieve
+  #
+  def [](name)
+    @entries.detect { |n,c| name == n }.last
   end
 
+  # Create a +Procfile+ entry
+  #
+  # @param [String] name     The name of the +Procfile+ entry to create
+  # @param [String] command  The command of the +Procfile+ entry to create
+  #
+  def []=(name, command)
+    delete name
+    @entries << [name, command]
+  end
 
-protected
+  # Remove a +Procfile+ entry
+  #
+  # @param [String] name  The name of the +Procfile+ entry to remove
+  #
+  def delete(name)
+    @entries.reject! { |n,c| name == n }
+  end
 
-  def parse_procfile(filename)
+  # Load a Procfile from a file
+  #
+  # @param [String] filename  The filename of the +Procfile+ to load
+  #
+  def load(filename)
+    @entries.replace parse(filename)
+  end
+
+  # Save a Procfile to a file
+  #
+  # @param [String] filename  Save the +Procfile+ to this file
+  #
+  def save(filename)
+    File.open(filename, 'w') do |file|
+      file.puts self.to_s
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Get the +Procfile+ as a +String+
+  #
+  def to_s
+    @entries.map do |name, command|
+      [ name, command ].join(": ")
+    end.join("\n")
+  end
+
+private
+
+  def parse(filename)
     File.read(filename).split("\n").map do |line|
       if line =~ /^([A-Za-z0-9_]+):\s*(.+)$/
-        self << [ $1, $2 ]
+        [$1, $2]
       end
     end.compact
   end
diff --git a/lib/foreman/procfile_entry.rb b/lib/foreman/procfile_entry.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 016f089..0000000
--- a/lib/foreman/procfile_entry.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-require "foreman"
-
-class Foreman::ProcfileEntry
-
-  attr_reader :name
-  attr_reader :command
-  attr_accessor :color
-
-  def initialize(name, command)
-    @name = name
-    @command = command
-  end
-
-  def spawn(num, pipe, basedir, environment, base_port)
-    (1..num).to_a.map do |n|
-      process = Foreman::Process.new(self, n, base_port + (n-1))
-      process.run(pipe, basedir, environment)
-      process
-    end
-  end
-
-  def to_s
-    "#{name}: #{command}"
-  end
-
-end
diff --git a/lib/foreman/tmux_engine.rb b/lib/foreman/tmux_engine.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index f4f9291..0000000
--- a/lib/foreman/tmux_engine.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-require "foreman"
-require "foreman/engine"
-
-class Foreman::TmuxEngine < Foreman::Engine
-
-  attr_reader :procfile
-  attr_reader :session
-
-  def initialize(procfile, options={})
-    @procfile = Foreman::Procfile.new(procfile)
-    @options  = options.dup
-    @session  = Time.now.to_i
-  end
-
-  def start
-    assign_colors
-    concurrency = Foreman::Utils.parse_concurrency(@options[:concurrency])
-
-    ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'] = nil
-
-    %x{tmux new-session -d -s #{session}}
-    procfile.entries.each_with_index do |entry, index|
-      name = "#{entry.name}.#{concurrency[entry.name]}"
-      if index == 0
-        %x{tmux rename-window -t #{session}:#{index} #{name}}
-      else
-        %x{tmux new-window -t #{session}:#{index} -n #{name}}
-      end
-      %x{tmux pipe-pane -o -t #{session}:#{index} "gawk '{ printf \\"%%s\\", \\"#{$stdout.color(colors[entry.name])}\\"; print strftime(\\"%%H:%%M:%%S\\"), \\"#{pad_process_name(name)} | #{$stdout.color(:reset)}\\", \\$0; fflush(); }' >> /tmp/foreman.#{session}.log"}
-      %x{tmux send-keys -t #{session}:#{index} "#{entry.command}" C-m}
-    end
-    last_index = procfile.entries.length
-    %x{tmux new-window -t #{session}:#{last_index} -n all}
-    %x{tmux send-keys -t #{session}:#{last_index} "tail -f /tmp/foreman.#{session}.log" C-m}
-    Kernel.exec("tmux attach-session -t #{session}")
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/foreman/utils.rb b/lib/foreman/utils.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 822f4d3..0000000
--- a/lib/foreman/utils.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-require "foreman"
-
-class Foreman::Utils
-
-  def self.parse_concurrency(concurrency)
-    begin
-      pairs = concurrency.to_s.gsub(/\s/, "").split(",")
-      
-      default = concurrency.nil? ? 1 : 0
-      
-      pairs.inject(Hash.new(default)) do |hash, pair|
-        process, amount = pair.split("=")
-        hash.update(process => amount.to_i)        
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-end
diff --git a/spec/foreman/cli_spec.rb b/spec/foreman/cli_spec.rb
index d45e747..744516e 100644
--- a/spec/foreman/cli_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/foreman/cli_spec.rb
@@ -3,12 +3,23 @@ require "foreman/cli"
 
 describe "Foreman::CLI", :fakefs do
   subject { Foreman::CLI.new }
-  let(:engine) { subject.send(:engine) }
-  let(:entries) { engine.procfile.entries.inject({}) { |h,e| h.update(e.name => e) } }
+
+  describe ".foreman" do
+    before { File.open(".foreman", "w") { |f| f.puts "formation: alpha=2" } }
+
+    it "provides default options" do
+      subject.send(:options)["formation"].should == "alpha=2"
+    end
+
+    it "is overridden by options at the cli" do
+      subject = Foreman::CLI.new([], :formation => "alpha=3")
+      subject.send(:options)["formation"].should == "alpha=3"
+    end
+  end
 
   describe "start" do
-    describe "with a non-existent Procfile" do
-      it "prints an error" do
+    describe "when a Procfile doesnt exist", :fakefs do
+      it "displays an error" do
         mock_error(subject, "Procfile does not exist.") do
           dont_allow.instance_of(Foreman::Engine).start
           subject.start
@@ -16,175 +27,50 @@ describe "Foreman::CLI", :fakefs do
       end
     end
 
-    describe "with a Procfile" do
-      before(:each) { write_procfile }
-
-      it "runs successfully" do
-        dont_allow(subject).error
-        mock.instance_of(Foreman::Engine).start
-        subject.start
-      end
-
-      it "can run a single process" do
-        dont_allow(subject).error
-        stub(engine).watch_for_output
-        stub(engine).watch_for_termination
-        mock(entries["alpha"]).spawn(1, is_a(IO), engine.directory, {}, 5000) { [] }
-        mock(entries["bravo"]).spawn(0, is_a(IO), engine.directory, {}, 5100) { [] }
-        subject.start("alpha")
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "with an alternate root" do
-      it "reads the Procfile from that root" do
-        write_procfile "/some/app/Procfile"
-        mock(Foreman::Procfile).new("/some/app/Procfile")
-        mock.instance_of(Foreman::Engine).start
-        foreman %{ start -d /some/app }
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "export" do
-    describe "options" do
-      it "uses .foreman" do
-        write_procfile
-        File.open(".foreman", "w") { |f| f.puts "concurrency: alpha=2" }
-        mock_export = mock(Foreman::Export::Upstart)
-        mock(Foreman::Export::Upstart).new("/upstart", is_a(Foreman::Engine), { "concurrency" => "alpha=2" }) { mock_export }
-        mock_export.export
-        foreman %{ export upstart /upstart }
-      end
-
-      it "respects --env" do
-        write_procfile
-        write_env("envfile")
-        mock_export = mock(Foreman::Export::Upstart)
-        mock(Foreman::Export::Upstart).new("/upstart", is_a(Foreman::Engine), { "env" => "envfile" }) { mock_export }
-        mock_export.export
-        foreman %{ export upstart /upstart --env envfile }
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "with a non-existent Procfile" do
-      it "prints an error" do
-        mock_error(subject, "Procfile does not exist.") do
-          dont_allow.instance_of(Foreman::Engine).export
-          subject.export("testapp")
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "with a Procfile" do
-      before(:each) { write_procfile }
-
-      describe "with a formatter with a generic error" do
-        before do
-          mock(Foreman::Export).formatter("errorful") { Class.new(Foreman::Export::Base) do
-            def export
-              raise Foreman::Export::Exception.new("foo")
-            end
-          end }
-        end
-
-        it "prints an error" do
-          mock_error(subject, "foo") do
-            subject.export("errorful")
-          end
+    describe "with a valid Procfile" do
+      it "can run a single command" do
+        without_fakefs do
+          output = foreman("start env -f #{resource_path("Procfile")}")
+          output.should     =~ /env.1/
+          output.should_not =~ /test.1/
         end
       end
 
-      describe "with a valid config" do
-        before(:each) { write_foreman_config("testapp") }
-
-        it "runs successfully" do
-          dont_allow(subject).error
-          mock_export = mock(Foreman::Export::Upstart)
-          mock(Foreman::Export::Upstart).new("/tmp/foo", is_a(Foreman::Engine), {}) { mock_export }
-          mock_export.export
-          subject.export("upstart", "/tmp/foo")
+      it "can run all commands" do
+        without_fakefs do
+          output = foreman("start -f #{resource_path("Procfile")} -e #{resource_path(".env")}")
+          output.should =~ /echo.1 \| echoing/
+          output.should =~ /env.1  \| bar/
+          output.should =~ /test.1 \| testing/
         end
       end
     end
   end
 
   describe "check" do
-    describe "with a valid Procfile" do
-      before { write_procfile }
-
-      it "displays the jobs" do
-        mock(subject).puts("valid procfile detected (alpha, bravo)")
-        subject.check
-      end
+    it "with a valid Procfile displays the jobs" do
+      write_procfile
+      foreman("check").should == "valid procfile detected (alpha, bravo)\n"
     end
 
-    describe "with a blank Procfile" do
-      before do
-        FileUtils.touch("Procfile")
-      end
-
-      it "displays an error" do
-        mock_error(subject, "no processes defined") do
-          subject.check
-        end
-      end
+    it "with a blank Procfile displays an error" do
+      FileUtils.touch "Procfile"
+      foreman("check").should == "ERROR: no processes defined\n"
     end
 
-    describe "without a Procfile" do
-      it "displays an error" do
-        mock_error(subject, "Procfile does not exist.") do
-          subject.check
-        end
-      end
+    it "without a Procfile displays an error" do
+      FileUtils.rm_f "Procfile"
+      foreman("check").should == "ERROR: Procfile does not exist.\n"
     end
   end
 
   describe "run" do
-    describe "with a valid Procfile" do
-      before { write_procfile }
+    it "can run a command" do
+      forked_foreman("run echo 1").should == "1\n"
+    end
 
-      describe "and a command" do
-        let(:command) { ["ls", "-l", "foo bar"] }
-
-        before(:each) do
-          stub(subject).exec
-        end
-
-        it "should load the environment file" do
-          write_env
-          preserving_env do
-            subject.run *command
-            ENV["FOO"].should == "bar"
-          end
-
-          ENV["FOO"].should be_nil
-        end
-
-        it "should exec the argument list as a shell command" do
-          mock(subject).exec(command.shelljoin)
-          subject.run *command
-        end
-      end
-
-      describe "and a non-existent command" do
-        let(:command) { "iuhtngrglhulhdfg" }
-
-        it "should print an error" do
-          mock_error(subject, "command not found: #{command}") do
-            subject.run command
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      describe "and a non-executable command" do
-        let(:command) { __FILE__ }
-
-        it "should print an error" do
-          mock_error(subject, "not executable: #{command}") do
-            subject.run command
-          end
-        end
-      end
+    it "includes the environment" do
+      forked_foreman("run #{resource_path("bin/env FOO")} -e #{resource_path(".env")}").should == "bar\n"
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/foreman/color_spec.rb b/spec/foreman/color_spec.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 011224a..0000000
--- a/spec/foreman/color_spec.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-require "spec_helper"
-require "foreman/color"
-
-describe Foreman::Color do
-
-  let(:io) { Object.new }
-
-  it "should extend an object with colorization" do
-    Foreman::Color.enable(io)
-    io.should respond_to(:color)
-  end
-
-  it "should not colorize if the object does not respond to isatty" do
-    mock(io).respond_to?(:isatty) { false }
-    Foreman::Color.enable(io)
-    io.color(:white).should == ""
-  end
-
-  it "should not colorize if the object is not a tty" do
-    mock(io).isatty { false }
-    Foreman::Color.enable(io)
-    io.color(:white).should == ""
-  end
-
-  it "should colorize if the object is a tty" do
-    mock(io).isatty { true }
-    Foreman::Color.enable(io)
-    io.color(:white).should == "\e[37m"
-  end
-
-end
diff --git a/spec/foreman/engine_spec.rb b/spec/foreman/engine_spec.rb
index e14344f..d759892 100644
--- a/spec/foreman/engine_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/foreman/engine_spec.rb
@@ -1,14 +1,25 @@
 require "spec_helper"
 require "foreman/engine"
 
-describe "Foreman::Engine", :fakefs do
-  subject { Foreman::Engine.new("Procfile", {}) }
+class Foreman::Engine::Tester < Foreman::Engine
+  attr_reader :buffer
 
-  before do
-    any_instance_of(Foreman::Engine) do |engine|
-      stub(engine).proctitle
-      stub(engine).termtitle
-    end
+  def startup
+    @buffer = ""
+  end
+
+  def output(name, data)
+    @buffer += "#{name}: #{data}"
+  end
+
+  def shutdown
+  end
+end
+
+describe "Foreman::Engine", :fakefs do
+  subject do
+    write_procfile "Procfile"
+    Foreman::Engine::Tester.new.load_procfile("Procfile")
   end
 
   describe "initialize" do
@@ -16,65 +27,53 @@ describe "Foreman::Engine", :fakefs do
       before { write_procfile }
 
       it "reads the processes" do
-        subject.procfile["alpha"].command.should == "./alpha"
-        subject.procfile["bravo"].command.should == "./bravo"
+        subject.process("alpha").command.should == "./alpha"
+        subject.process("bravo").command.should == "./bravo"
       end
     end
   end
 
   describe "start" do
     it "forks the processes" do
-      write_procfile
-      mock.instance_of(Foreman::Process).run_process(Dir.pwd, "./alpha", is_a(IO))
-      mock.instance_of(Foreman::Process).run_process(Dir.pwd, "./bravo", is_a(IO))
+      mock(subject.process("alpha")).run(anything)
+      mock(subject.process("bravo")).run(anything)
       mock(subject).watch_for_output
       mock(subject).watch_for_termination
       subject.start
     end
 
     it "handles concurrency" do
-      write_procfile
-      engine = Foreman::Engine.new("Procfile",:concurrency => "alpha=2")
-      mock.instance_of(Foreman::Process).run_process(Dir.pwd, "./alpha", is_a(IO)).twice
-      mock.instance_of(Foreman::Process).run_process(Dir.pwd, "./bravo", is_a(IO)).never
-      mock(engine).watch_for_output
-      mock(engine).watch_for_termination
-      engine.start
+      subject.options[:formation] = "alpha=2"
+      mock(subject.process("alpha")).run(anything).twice
+      mock(subject.process("bravo")).run(anything).never
+      mock(subject).watch_for_output
+      mock(subject).watch_for_termination
+      subject.start
     end
   end
 
   describe "directories" do
     it "has the directory default relative to the Procfile" do
       write_procfile "/some/app/Procfile"
-      engine = Foreman::Engine.new("/some/app/Procfile")
-      engine.directory.should == "/some/app"
+      engine = Foreman::Engine.new.load_procfile("/some/app/Procfile")
+      engine.root.should == "/some/app"
     end
   end
 
   describe "environment" do
-    before(:each) do
-      write_procfile
-      stub(Process).fork
-      any_instance_of(Foreman::Engine) do |engine|
-        stub(engine).info
-        stub(engine).spawn_processes
-        stub(engine).watch_for_termination
-      end
-    end
-
-    it "should read if specified" do
+    it "should read env files" do
       File.open("/tmp/env", "w") { |f| f.puts("FOO=baz") }
-      engine = Foreman::Engine.new("Procfile", :env => "/tmp/env")
-      engine.environment.should == {"FOO"=>"baz"}
-      engine.start
+      subject.load_env("/tmp/env")
+      subject.env["FOO"].should == "baz"
     end
 
     it "should read more than one if specified" do
       File.open("/tmp/env1", "w") { |f| f.puts("FOO=bar") }
       File.open("/tmp/env2", "w") { |f| f.puts("BAZ=qux") }
-      engine = Foreman::Engine.new("Procfile", :env => "/tmp/env1,/tmp/env2")
-      engine.environment.should == { "FOO"=>"bar", "BAZ"=>"qux" }
-      engine.start
+      subject.load_env "/tmp/env1"
+      subject.load_env "/tmp/env2"
+      subject.env["FOO"].should == "bar"
+      subject.env["BAZ"].should == "qux"
     end
 
     it "should handle quoted values" do
@@ -84,55 +83,22 @@ describe "Foreman::Engine", :fakefs do
         f.puts "FRED='barney'"
         f.puts 'OTHER="escaped\"quote"'
       end
-      engine = Foreman::Engine.new("Procfile", :env => "/tmp/env")
-      engine.environment.should == { "FOO" => "bar", "BAZ" => "qux", "FRED" => "barney", "OTHER" => 'escaped"quote' }
+      subject.load_env "/tmp/env"
+      subject.env["FOO"].should   == "bar"
+      subject.env["BAZ"].should   == "qux"
+      subject.env["FRED"].should  == "barney"
+      subject.env["OTHER"].should == 'escaped"quote'
     end
 
     it "should fail if specified and doesnt exist" do
-      mock.instance_of(Foreman::Engine).error("No such file: /tmp/env")
-      engine = Foreman::Engine.new("Procfile", :env => "/tmp/env")
-    end
-
-    it "should read .env if none specified" do
-      File.open(".env", "w") { |f| f.puts("FOO=qoo") }
-      engine = Foreman::Engine.new("Procfile")
-      engine.environment.should == {"FOO"=>"qoo"}
-      engine.start
+      lambda { subject.load_env "/tmp/env" }.should raise_error(Errno::ENOENT)
     end
 
     it "should set port from .env if specified" do
-      File.open(".env", "w") { |f| f.puts("PORT=8017") }
-      engine = Foreman::Engine.new("Procfile")
-      engine.send(:base_port).should == "8017"
-      engine.start
-    end
-
-    it "should be loaded relative to the Procfile" do
-      FileUtils.mkdir_p "/some/app"
-      File.open("/some/app/.env", "w") { |f| f.puts("FOO=qoo") }
-      write_procfile "/some/app/Procfile"
-      engine = Foreman::Engine.new("/some/app/Procfile")
-      engine.environment.should == {"FOO"=>"qoo"}
-      engine.start
+      File.open("/tmp/env", "w") { |f| f.puts("PORT=9000") }
+      subject.load_env "/tmp/env"
+      subject.send(:base_port).should == 9000
     end
   end
 
-  describe "utf8" do
-    before(:each) do
-      File.open("Procfile", "w") do |file|
-        file.puts "utf8: #{resource_path("bin/utf8")}"
-      end
-    end
-
-    it "should spawn" do
-      stub(subject).watch_for_output
-      stub(subject).watch_for_termination
-      subject.start
-      Process.waitall
-      mock(subject).info(/started with pid \d+/, "utf8.1", anything)
-      mock(subject).info("\xff\x03\n", "utf8.1", anything)
-      subject.send(:poll_readers)
-      subject.send(:poll_readers)
-    end
-  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/foreman/export/base_spec.rb b/spec/foreman/export/base_spec.rb
index c0b1333..4d203ef 100644
--- a/spec/foreman/export/base_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/foreman/export/base_spec.rb
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 require "spec_helper"
-require "foreman/export/base"
+require "foreman/engine"
+require "foreman/export"
 
-describe "Foreman::Export::Base" do
+describe "Foreman::Export::Base", :fakefs do
   let(:procfile) { FileUtils.mkdir_p("/tmp/app"); write_procfile("/tmp/app/Procfile") }
   let(:location) { "/tmp/init" }
-  let(:engine)   { Foreman::Engine.new(procfile) }
+  let(:engine)   { Foreman::Engine.new().load_procfile(procfile) }
   let(:subject)  { Foreman::Export::Base.new(location, engine) }
 
   it "has a say method for displaying info" do
@@ -12,10 +13,6 @@ describe "Foreman::Export::Base" do
     subject.send(:say, "foo")
   end
 
-  it "export needs to be overridden" do
-    lambda { subject.export }.should raise_error("export method must be overridden")
-  end
-
   it "raises errors as a Foreman::Export::Exception" do
     lambda { subject.send(:error, "foo") }.should raise_error(Foreman::Export::Exception, "foo")
   end
diff --git a/spec/foreman/export/bluepill_spec.rb b/spec/foreman/export/bluepill_spec.rb
index d6074b6..7d0f4e6 100644
--- a/spec/foreman/export/bluepill_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/foreman/export/bluepill_spec.rb
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ require "foreman/export/bluepill"
 require "tmpdir"
 
 describe Foreman::Export::Bluepill, :fakefs do
-  let(:procfile) { FileUtils.mkdir_p("/tmp/app"); write_procfile("/tmp/app/Procfile") }
-  let(:engine)   { Foreman::Engine.new(procfile) }
-  let(:options)  { Hash.new }
-  let(:bluepill) { Foreman::Export::Bluepill.new("/tmp/init", engine, options) }
+  let(:procfile)  { FileUtils.mkdir_p("/tmp/app"); write_procfile("/tmp/app/Procfile") }
+  let(:formation) { nil }
+  let(:engine)    { Foreman::Engine.new(:formation => formation).load_procfile(procfile) }
+  let(:options)   { Hash.new }
+  let(:bluepill)  { Foreman::Export::Bluepill.new("/tmp/init", engine, options) }
 
   before(:each) { load_export_templates_into_fakefs("bluepill") }
   before(:each) { stub(bluepill).say }
@@ -24,8 +25,8 @@ describe Foreman::Export::Bluepill, :fakefs do
     bluepill.export
   end
 
-  context  "with concurrency" do
-    let(:options) { Hash[:concurrency => "alpha=2"] }
+  context "with a process formation" do
+    let(:formation) { "alpha=2" }
 
     it "exports to the filesystem with concurrency" do
       bluepill.export
diff --git a/spec/foreman/export/inittab_spec.rb b/spec/foreman/export/inittab_spec.rb
index 30c921b..2a0d0ed 100644
--- a/spec/foreman/export/inittab_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/foreman/export/inittab_spec.rb
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ require "foreman/export/inittab"
 require "tmpdir"
 
 describe Foreman::Export::Inittab, :fakefs do
-  let(:location) { "/tmp/inittab" }
-  let(:procfile) { FileUtils.mkdir_p("/tmp/app"); write_procfile("/tmp/app/Procfile") }
-  let(:location) { "/tmp/inittab" }
-  let(:engine)   { Foreman::Engine.new(procfile) }
-  let(:options)  { Hash.new }
-  let(:inittab)  { Foreman::Export::Inittab.new(location, engine, options) }
+  let(:procfile)  { FileUtils.mkdir_p("/tmp/app"); write_procfile("/tmp/app/Procfile") }
+  let(:location)  { "/tmp/inittab" }
+  let(:formation) { nil }
+  let(:engine)    { Foreman::Engine.new(:formation => formation).load_procfile(procfile) }
+  let(:options)   { Hash.new }
+  let(:inittab)   { Foreman::Export::Inittab.new(location, engine, options) }
 
   before(:each) { load_export_templates_into_fakefs("inittab") }
   before(:each) { stub(inittab).say }
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ describe Foreman::Export::Inittab, :fakefs do
   end
 
   context "with concurrency" do
-    let(:options) { Hash[:concurrency => "alpha=2"] }
+    let(:formation) { "alpha=2" }
 
     it "exports to the filesystem with concurrency" do
       inittab.export
diff --git a/spec/foreman/export/launchd_spec.rb b/spec/foreman/export/launchd_spec.rb
index 674c516..984b35c 100644
--- a/spec/foreman/export/launchd_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/foreman/export/launchd_spec.rb
@@ -5,20 +5,17 @@ require "tmpdir"
 
 describe Foreman::Export::Launchd, :fakefs do
   let(:procfile) { FileUtils.mkdir_p("/tmp/app"); write_procfile("/tmp/app/Procfile") }
-  let(:engine)   { Foreman::Engine.new(procfile) }
   let(:options)  { Hash.new }
-  let(:launchd) { Foreman::Export::Launchd.new("/tmp/init", engine, options) }
+  let(:engine)   { Foreman::Engine.new().load_procfile(procfile) }
+  let(:launchd)  { Foreman::Export::Launchd.new("/tmp/init", engine, options) }
 
   before(:each) { load_export_templates_into_fakefs("launchd") }
   before(:each) { stub(launchd).say }
 
   it "exports to the filesystem" do
     launchd.export
-    
-    normalize_space(File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-1.plist")).should == normalize_space(example_export_file("launchd/launchd-a.default"))
-    
-    normalize_space(File.read("/tmp/init/app-bravo-1.plist")).should == normalize_space(example_export_file("launchd/launchd-b.default"))
-    
+    File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-1.plist").should == example_export_file("launchd/launchd-a.default")
+    File.read("/tmp/init/app-bravo-1.plist").should == example_export_file("launchd/launchd-b.default")
   end
 
 end
diff --git a/spec/foreman/export/runit_spec.rb b/spec/foreman/export/runit_spec.rb
index 6d04ae6..71d4c52 100644
--- a/spec/foreman/export/runit_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/foreman/export/runit_spec.rb
@@ -5,33 +5,28 @@ require "tmpdir"
 
 describe Foreman::Export::Runit, :fakefs do
   let(:procfile) { FileUtils.mkdir_p("/tmp/app"); write_procfile("/tmp/app/Procfile", 'bar=baz') }
-  let(:engine) { Foreman::Engine.new(procfile) }
-  let(:runit) { Foreman::Export::Runit.new('/tmp/init', engine, :concurrency => 'alpha=2,bravo=1') }
+  let(:engine)   { Foreman::Engine.new(:formation => "alpha=2,bravo=1").load_procfile(procfile) }
+  let(:options)  { Hash.new }
+  let(:runit)    { Foreman::Export::Runit.new('/tmp/init', engine, options) }
 
   before(:each) { load_export_templates_into_fakefs("runit") }
   before(:each) { stub(runit).say }
   before(:each) { stub(FakeFS::FileUtils).chmod }
 
   it "exports to the filesystem" do
-    FileUtils.mkdir_p('/tmp/init')
-
+    engine.env["BAR"] = "baz"
     runit.export
 
-    File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-1/run").should == example_export_file('runit/app-alpha-1-run')
-    File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-1/log/run").should ==
-        example_export_file('runit/app-alpha-1-log-run')
+    File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-1/run").should      == example_export_file('runit/app-alpha-1/run')
+    File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-1/log/run").should  == example_export_file('runit/app-alpha-1/log/run')
     File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-1/env/PORT").should == "5000\n"
-    File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-1/env/BAR").should == "baz\n"
-
-    File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-2/run").should == example_export_file('runit/app-alpha-2-run')
-    File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-2/log/run").should ==
-        example_export_file('runit/app-alpha-2-log-run')
+    File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-1/env/BAR").should  == "baz\n"
+    File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-2/run").should      == example_export_file('runit/app-alpha-2/run')
+    File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-2/log/run").should  == example_export_file('runit/app-alpha-2/log/run')
     File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-2/env/PORT").should == "5001\n"
-    File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-2/env/BAR").should == "baz\n"
-
-    File.read("/tmp/init/app-bravo-1/run").should == example_export_file('runit/app-bravo-1-run')
-    File.read("/tmp/init/app-bravo-1/log/run").should ==
-        example_export_file('runit/app-bravo-1-log-run')
+    File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-2/env/BAR").should  == "baz\n"
+    File.read("/tmp/init/app-bravo-1/run").should      == example_export_file('runit/app-bravo-1/run')
+    File.read("/tmp/init/app-bravo-1/log/run").should  == example_export_file('runit/app-bravo-1/log/run')
     File.read("/tmp/init/app-bravo-1/env/PORT").should == "5100\n"
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/foreman/export/supervisord_spec.rb b/spec/foreman/export/supervisord_spec.rb
index 2a65991..44c1ad1 100644
--- a/spec/foreman/export/supervisord_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/foreman/export/supervisord_spec.rb
@@ -4,18 +4,18 @@ require "foreman/export/supervisord"
 require "tmpdir"
 
 describe Foreman::Export::Supervisord, :fakefs do
-  let(:procfile) { FileUtils.mkdir_p("/tmp/app"); write_procfile("/tmp/app/Procfile") }
-  let(:engine)   { Foreman::Engine.new(procfile) }
-  let(:options)  { Hash.new }
-  let(:supervisord)  { Foreman::Export::Supervisord.new("/tmp/init", engine, options) }
+  let(:procfile)    { FileUtils.mkdir_p("/tmp/app"); write_procfile("/tmp/app/Procfile") }
+  let(:formation)   { nil }
+  let(:engine)      { Foreman::Engine.new(:formation => formation).load_procfile(procfile) }
+  let(:options)     { Hash.new }
+  let(:supervisord) { Foreman::Export::Supervisord.new("/tmp/init", engine, options) }
 
   before(:each) { load_export_templates_into_fakefs("supervisord") }
   before(:each) { stub(supervisord).say }
 
   it "exports to the filesystem" do
     supervisord.export
-
-    File.read("/tmp/init/app.conf").should == example_export_file("supervisord/app.conf")
+    File.read("/tmp/init/app.conf").should == example_export_file("supervisord/app-alpha-1.conf")
   end
 
   it "cleans up if exporting into an existing dir" do
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ describe Foreman::Export::Supervisord, :fakefs do
   end
 
   context "with concurrency" do
-    let(:options) { Hash[:concurrency => "alpha=2"] }
+    let(:formation) { "alpha=2" }
 
     it "exports to the filesystem with concurrency" do
       supervisord.export
@@ -33,53 +33,4 @@ describe Foreman::Export::Supervisord, :fakefs do
     end
   end
 
-  context "with alternate templates" do
-    let(:template_root) { "/tmp/alternate" }
-    let(:supervisord) { Foreman::Export::Supervisord.new("/tmp/init", engine, :template => template_root) }
-
-    before do
-      FileUtils.mkdir_p template_root
-      File.open("#{template_root}/app.conf.erb", "w") { |f| f.puts "alternate_template" }
-    end
-
-    it "can export with alternate template files" do
-      supervisord.export
-      File.read("/tmp/init/app.conf").should == "alternate_template\n"
-    end
-  end
-
-  context "with alternate templates from home dir" do
-    let(:default_template_root) {File.expand_path("#{ENV['HOME']}/.foreman/templates")}
-
-    before do
-      ENV['_FOREMAN_SPEC_HOME'] = ENV['HOME']
-      ENV['HOME'] = "/home/appuser"
-      FileUtils.mkdir_p default_template_root
-      File.open("#{default_template_root}/app.conf.erb", "w") { |f| f.puts "default_alternate_template" }
-    end
-
-    after do
-      ENV['HOME'] = ENV.delete('_FOREMAN_SPEC_HOME')
-    end
-
-    it "can export with alternate template files" do
-      supervisord.export
-      File.read("/tmp/init/app.conf").should == "default_alternate_template\n"
-    end
-  end
-
-  context "environment export" do
-    it "correctly translates environment when exporting" do
-      File.open("/tmp/supervisord_env", "w") { |f| f.puts("QUEUE=fastqueue,slowqueue\nVERBOSE=1") }
-
-      engine = Foreman::Engine.new(procfile,:env => "/tmp/supervisord_env")
-      supervisor = Foreman::Export::Supervisord.new("/tmp/init", engine, options)
-      stub(supervisor).say
-
-      supervisor.export
-
-      File.read("/tmp/init/app.conf").should == example_export_file("supervisord/app-env-with-comma.conf")
-    end
-  end
-
 end
diff --git a/spec/foreman/export/upstart_spec.rb b/spec/foreman/export/upstart_spec.rb
index 4f357ef..8c41d88 100644
--- a/spec/foreman/export/upstart_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/foreman/export/upstart_spec.rb
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ require "foreman/export/upstart"
 require "tmpdir"
 
 describe Foreman::Export::Upstart, :fakefs do
-  let(:procfile) { FileUtils.mkdir_p("/tmp/app"); write_procfile("/tmp/app/Procfile") }
-  let(:engine)   { Foreman::Engine.new(procfile) }
-  let(:options)  { Hash.new }
-  let(:upstart)  { Foreman::Export::Upstart.new("/tmp/init", engine, options) }
+  let(:procfile)  { write_procfile("/tmp/app/Procfile") }
+  let(:formation) { nil }
+  let(:engine)    { Foreman::Engine.new(:formation => formation).load_procfile(procfile) }
+  let(:options)   { Hash.new }
+  let(:upstart)   { Foreman::Export::Upstart.new("/tmp/init", engine, options) }
 
   before(:each) { load_export_templates_into_fakefs("upstart") }
   before(:each) { stub(upstart).say }
@@ -34,13 +35,14 @@ describe Foreman::Export::Upstart, :fakefs do
   end
 
   it "quotes and escapes environment variables" do
-    engine.environment['KEY'] = 'd"\|d'
+    engine.env['KEY'] = 'd"\|d'
     upstart.export
-    File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-1.conf").should include('KEY="d\"\\\\|d"')
+    "foobarfoo".should include "bar"
+    File.read("/tmp/init/app-alpha-1.conf").should =~ /KEY="d\\"\\\\\\\|d/
   end
 
-  context "with concurrency" do
-    let(:options) { Hash[:concurrency => "alpha=2"] }
+  context "with a formation" do
+    let(:formation) { "alpha=2" }
 
     it "exports to the filesystem with concurrency" do
       upstart.export
@@ -54,38 +56,31 @@ describe Foreman::Export::Upstart, :fakefs do
   end
 
   context "with alternate templates" do
-    let(:template_root) { "/tmp/alternate" }
-    let(:upstart) { Foreman::Export::Upstart.new("/tmp/init", engine, :template => template_root) }
+    let(:template) { "/tmp/alternate" }
+    let(:options)  { { :app => "app", :template => template } }
 
     before do
-      FileUtils.mkdir_p template_root
-      File.open("#{template_root}/master.conf.erb", "w") { |f| f.puts "alternate_template" }
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p template
+      File.open("#{template}/master.conf.erb", "w") { |f| f.puts "alternate_template" }
     end
 
     it "can export with alternate template files" do
       upstart.export
-
       File.read("/tmp/init/app.conf").should == "alternate_template\n"
     end
   end
 
   context "with alternate templates from home dir" do
-    let(:default_template_root) {File.expand_path("#{ENV['HOME']}/.foreman/templates")}
 
     before do
-      ENV['_FOREMAN_SPEC_HOME'] = ENV['HOME']
-      ENV['HOME'] = "/home/appuser"
-      FileUtils.mkdir_p default_template_root
-      File.open("#{default_template_root}/master.conf.erb", "w") { |f| f.puts "default_alternate_template" }
-    end
-
-    after do
-      ENV['HOME'] = ENV.delete('_FOREMAN_SPEC_HOME')
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p File.expand_path("~/.foreman/templates/upstart")
+      File.open(File.expand_path("~/.foreman/templates/upstart/master.conf.erb"), "w") do |file|
+        file.puts "default_alternate_template"
+      end
     end
 
     it "can export with alternate template files" do
       upstart.export
-
       File.read("/tmp/init/app.conf").should == "default_alternate_template\n"
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/foreman/process_spec.rb b/spec/foreman/process_spec.rb
index 1f2d1ea..efc089d 100644
--- a/spec/foreman/process_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/foreman/process_spec.rb
@@ -5,141 +5,44 @@ require 'timeout'
 require 'tmpdir'
 
 describe Foreman::Process do
-  subject { described_class.new entry, number, port }
 
-  let(:number)  { 1 }
-  let(:port)    { 777 }
-  let(:command) { "script" }
-  let(:name)    { "foobar" }
-  let(:entry)   { OpenStruct.new :name => name, :command => command }
+  def run(process, options={})
+    rd, wr = IO.method(:pipe).arity.zero? ? IO.pipe : IO.pipe("BINARY")
+    process.run(options.merge(:output => wr))
+    rd.gets
+  end
 
-  its(:entry) { entry }
-  its(:num)   { number }
-  its(:port)  { port }
-  its(:name)  { "#{name}.#{port}" }
-  its(:pid)   { nil }
+  describe "#run" do
 
-  describe '#run' do
-    let(:pipe)       { :pipe }
-    let(:basedir)    { Dir.mktmpdir }
-    let(:env)        {{ 'foo' => 'bar' }}
-    let(:init_delta) { 0.1 }
-
-    after { FileUtils.remove_entry_secure basedir }
-
-    def run(cmd=command)
-      entry.command = cmd
-      subject.run pipe, basedir, env
-      subject.detach && sleep(init_delta)
+    it "runs the process" do
+      process = Foreman::Process.new(resource_path("bin/test"))
+      run(process).should == "testing\n"
     end
 
-    def run_file(executable, code)
-      file = File.open("#{basedir}/script", 'w') {|it| it << code }
-      run "#{executable} #{file.path}"
-      sleep 1
+    it "can set environment" do
+      process = Foreman::Process.new(resource_path("bin/env FOO"), :env => { "FOO" => "bar" })
+      run(process).should == "bar\n"
     end
 
-    context 'options' do
-      it 'should set PORT for environment' do
-        mock(subject).run_process(basedir, command, pipe) do
-          ENV['PORT'].should == port.to_s
-        end
-        run
-      end
-
-      it 'should set custom variables for environment' do
-        mock(subject).run_process(basedir, command, pipe) do
-          ENV['foo'].should == 'bar'
-        end
-        run
-      end
-
-      it 'should restore environment afterwards' do
-        mock(subject).run_process(basedir, command, pipe)
-        run
-        ENV.should_not include('PORT', 'foo')
-      end
+    it "can set per-run environment" do
+      process = Foreman::Process.new(resource_path("bin/env FOO"))
+      run(process, :env => { "FOO" => "bar "}).should == "bar\n"
     end
 
-    context 'process' do
-      around do |spec|
-        IO.pipe do |reader, writer|
-          @reader, @writer = reader, writer
-          spec.run
-        end
-      end
+    it "can handle env vars in the command" do
+      process = Foreman::Process.new(resource_path("bin/echo $FOO"), :env => { "FOO" => "bar" })
+      run(process).should == "bar\n"
+    end
 
-      let(:pipe) { @writer }
-      let(:output) { @reader.read_nonblock 1024 }
+    it "can handle per-run env vars in the command" do
+      process = Foreman::Process.new(resource_path("bin/echo $FOO"))
+      run(process, :env => { "FOO" => "bar" }).should == "bar\n"
+    end
 
-      it 'should not block' do
-        expect {
-          Timeout.timeout(2*init_delta) { run 'sleep 2' }
-        }.should_not raise_exception
-      end
-
-      it 'should be alive' do
-        run 'sleep 1'
-        subject.should be_alive
-      end
-
-      it 'should be dead' do
-        run 'exit'
-        subject.should be_dead
-      end
-
-      it 'should be killable' do
-        run 'sleep 1'
-        subject.kill 'TERM'
-        subject.should be_dead
-      end
-
-      it 'should send different signals' do
-        run_file 'ruby', <<-CODE
-          trap "TERM", "IGNORE"
-          loop { sleep 1 }
-        CODE
-        subject.should be_alive
-        subject.kill 'TERM'
-        subject.should be_alive
-        subject.kill 'KILL'
-        subject.should be_dead
-      end
-
-      it 'should redirect stdout' do
-        run 'echo hey'
-        output.should include('hey')
-      end
-
-      it 'should redirect stderr' do
-        run 'echo hey >2'
-        output.should include('hey')
-      end
-
-      it 'should handle variables' do
-        run 'echo $PORT'
-        output.should include('777')
-      end
-
-      it 'should handle multi-word arguments (old test)' do
-        # TODO: This test used to be marked pending; it now passes,
-        # but is very slow.  The next test is a fast replacement.
-        run %{ sh -c "trap '' TERM; sleep 10" }
-        subject.should be_alive
-      end
-
-      it 'should handle multi-word arguments' do
-        # We have to be a little clever here since Foreman will always
-        # print a status message that includes the command.
-        run %{ sh -c 'echo abcdef | tr a-c x | tr d-f y' }
-        output.should include('xxxyyy')
-      end
-
-      it 'should not clobber "$x"-subexpressions' do
-        pending 'this conflicts with the variable interpolation hack'
-        run %{ sh -c 'echo \$abcdef | tr \$ %' }
-        output.should include('%abcdef')
-      end
+    it "should output utf8 properly" do
+      process = Foreman::Process.new(resource_path("bin/utf8"))
+      run(process).should == "\xFF\x03\n"
     end
   end
+
 end
diff --git a/spec/foreman/procfile_entry_spec.rb b/spec/foreman/procfile_entry_spec.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index daa55f2..0000000
--- a/spec/foreman/procfile_entry_spec.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-require 'spec_helper'
-require 'foreman/procfile_entry'
-require 'pathname'
-require 'tmpdir'
-
-describe Foreman::ProcfileEntry do
-  subject { described_class.new('alpha', './alpha') }
-
-  it "stringifies as a Procfile line" do
-    subject.to_s.should == 'alpha: ./alpha'
-  end
-
-end
diff --git a/spec/foreman/procfile_spec.rb b/spec/foreman/procfile_spec.rb
index a01e3a3..b447a72 100644
--- a/spec/foreman/procfile_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/foreman/procfile_spec.rb
@@ -3,29 +3,39 @@ require 'foreman/procfile'
 require 'pathname'
 require 'tmpdir'
 
-describe Foreman::Procfile do
-  subject { described_class.new }
+describe Foreman::Procfile, :fakefs do
+  subject { Foreman::Procfile.new }
 
-  let(:testdir) { Pathname(Dir.tmpdir) }
-  let(:procfile) { testdir + 'Procfile' }
+  it "can load from a file" do
+    write_procfile
+    subject.load "Procfile"
+    subject["alpha"].should == "./alpha"
+    subject["bravo"].should == "./bravo"
+  end
+
+  it "loads a passed-in Procfile" do
+    write_procfile
+    procfile = Foreman::Procfile.new("Procfile")
+    procfile["alpha"].should == "./alpha"
+    procfile["bravo"].should == "./bravo"
+  end
 
   it "can have a process appended to it" do
-    subject << ['alpha', './alpha']
-    subject['alpha'].should be_a(Foreman::ProcfileEntry)
+    subject["charlie"] = "./charlie"
+    subject["charlie"].should == "./charlie"
   end
 
-  it "can write itself out to a file" do
-    subject << ['alpha', './alpha']
-    subject.write(procfile)
-    procfile.read.should == "alpha: ./alpha\n"
+  it "can write to a string" do
+    subject["foo"] = "./foo"
+    subject["bar"] = "./bar"
+    subject.to_s.should == "foo: ./foo\nbar: ./bar"
   end
 
-  it "can re-read entries from a file" do
-    procfile.open('w') { |io| io.puts "gamma: ./radiation", "theta: ./rate" }
-    subject << ['alpha', './alpha']
-    subject.load(procfile)
-    subject.process_names.should have(2).members
-    subject.process_names.should include('gamma', 'theta')
+  it "can write to a file" do
+    subject["foo"] = "./foo"
+    subject["bar"] = "./bar"
+    subject.save "/tmp/proc"
+    File.read("/tmp/proc").should == "foo: ./foo\nbar: ./bar\n"
   end
 
 end
diff --git a/spec/foreman/tmux_engine_spec.rb b/spec/foreman/tmux_engine_spec.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7b4d15f..0000000
--- a/spec/foreman/tmux_engine_spec.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-require "spec_helper"
-require "foreman/tmux_engine"
-
-describe "Foreman::TmuxEngine", :fakefs do
-  subject { Foreman::TmuxEngine.new("Procfile", {}) }
-  let(:session) { Time.now.to_i }
-
-  before do
-    any_instance_of(Foreman::TmuxEngine) do |engine|
-      stub(engine).proctitle
-      stub(engine).termtitle
-    end
-    Timecop.freeze(Time.now)
-  end
-
-  after do
-    FileUtils.rm_f("foreman.#{session}.log")
-    Timecop.return
-  end
-
-  describe "initialize" do
-    describe "without an existing Procfile" do
-      it "raises an error" do
-        lambda { subject }.should raise_error
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "with a Procfile" do
-      before { write_procfile }
-
-      it "reads the processes" do
-        subject.procfile["alpha"].command.should == "./alpha"
-        subject.procfile["bravo"].command.should == "./bravo"
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  if system("which tmux")
-    describe "start" do
-      before do
-        write_procfile
-        @pid = fork do
-          exec("tmux start-server")
-        end
-      end
-
-      after do
-        Process.waitpid(@pid)
-        %x{tmux kill-session -t #{session} &> /dev/null}
-      end
-
-      it "creates a tmux session and attaches" do
-        %x{tmux has-session -t #{session} &> /dev/null}
-        $?.exitstatus.should == 1
-
-        mock(Kernel).exec("tmux attach-session -t #{session}")
-        subject.start
-
-        %x{tmux has-session -t #{session}}
-        $?.exitstatus.should == 0
-
-        %x{tmux list-windows -t #{session}}.split("\n").map { |window|
-          if window =~ /[0-9]+:\s(.+?)\s/
-            $1
-          end
-        }.should == ["alpha.1", "bravo.1", "all"]
-        sleep 1
-        %x{tmux kill-session -t #{session}}
-        output = %x[cat /tmp/foreman.#{session}.log]
-        output.should =~ /alpha\.1.+\.\/alpha: No such file or directory/
-        output.should =~ /bravo\.1.+\.\/bravo: No such file or directory/
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/spec/resources/.env b/spec/resources/.env
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c075a74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/resources/.env
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+FOO=bar
diff --git a/spec/resources/Procfile b/spec/resources/Procfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4bcb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/resources/Procfile
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+echo: bin/echo echoing
+env:  bin/env  FOO
+test: bin/test
+utf8: bin/utf8
diff --git a/spec/resources/bin/echo b/spec/resources/bin/echo
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..94704ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/resources/bin/echo
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+echo $*
diff --git a/spec/resources/bin/env b/spec/resources/bin/env
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ee0f02e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/resources/bin/env
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+echo ${!1}
diff --git a/spec/resources/bin/test b/spec/resources/bin/test
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1b3f303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/resources/bin/test
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+echo "testing"
diff --git a/spec/resources/export/bluepill/app-concurrency.pill b/spec/resources/export/bluepill/app-concurrency.pill
index b8e19ef..fa1e2db 100644
--- a/spec/resources/export/bluepill/app-concurrency.pill
+++ b/spec/resources/export/bluepill/app-concurrency.pill
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ Bluepill.application("app", :foreground => false, :log_file => "/var/log/bluepil
 
     process.working_dir = "/tmp/app"
     process.daemonize = true
-    process.environment = {"PORT" => "5000"}
+    process.environment = {"PORT"=>"5000"}
     process.stop_signals = [:quit, 30.seconds, :term, 5.seconds, :kill]
     process.stop_grace_time = 45.seconds
 
     process.stdout = process.stderr = "/var/log/app/app-alpha-1.log"
 
     process.monitor_children do |children|
-      children.stop_command "kill -QUIT {{PID}}"
+      children.stop_command "kill {{PID}}"
     end
     
     process.group = "app-alpha"
@@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ Bluepill.application("app", :foreground => false, :log_file => "/var/log/bluepil
 
     process.working_dir = "/tmp/app"
     process.daemonize = true
-    process.environment = {"PORT" => "5001"}
+    process.environment = {"PORT"=>"5001"}
     process.stop_signals = [:quit, 30.seconds, :term, 5.seconds, :kill]
     process.stop_grace_time = 45.seconds
 
     process.stdout = process.stderr = "/var/log/app/app-alpha-2.log"
 
     process.monitor_children do |children|
-      children.stop_command "kill -QUIT {{PID}}"
+      children.stop_command "kill {{PID}}"
     end
     
     process.group = "app-alpha"
diff --git a/spec/resources/export/bluepill/app.pill b/spec/resources/export/bluepill/app.pill
index 800b480..9df8c72 100644
--- a/spec/resources/export/bluepill/app.pill
+++ b/spec/resources/export/bluepill/app.pill
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ Bluepill.application("app", :foreground => false, :log_file => "/var/log/bluepil
 
     process.working_dir = "/tmp/app"
     process.daemonize = true
-    process.environment = {"PORT" => "5000"}
+    process.environment = {"PORT"=>"5000"}
     process.stop_signals = [:quit, 30.seconds, :term, 5.seconds, :kill]
     process.stop_grace_time = 45.seconds
 
     process.stdout = process.stderr = "/var/log/app/app-alpha-1.log"
 
     process.monitor_children do |children|
-      children.stop_command "kill -QUIT {{PID}}"
+      children.stop_command "kill {{PID}}"
     end
 
     process.group = "app-alpha"
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ Bluepill.application("app", :foreground => false, :log_file => "/var/log/bluepil
 
     process.working_dir = "/tmp/app"
     process.daemonize = true
-    process.environment = {"PORT" => "5100"}
+    process.environment = {"PORT"=>"5100"}
     process.stop_signals = [:quit, 30.seconds, :term, 5.seconds, :kill]
     process.stop_grace_time = 45.seconds
 
     process.stdout = process.stderr = "/var/log/app/app-bravo-1.log"
 
     process.monitor_children do |children|
-      children.stop_command "kill -QUIT {{PID}}"
+      children.stop_command "kill {{PID}}"
     end
 
     process.group = "app-bravo"
diff --git a/spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-1-log-run b/spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-1/log/run
similarity index 100%
rename from spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-1-log-run
rename to spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-1/log/run
diff --git a/spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-1-run b/spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-1/run
similarity index 100%
rename from spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-1-run
rename to spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-1/run
diff --git a/spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-2-log-run b/spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-2/log/run
similarity index 100%
rename from spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-2-log-run
rename to spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-2/log/run
diff --git a/spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-2-run b/spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-2/run
similarity index 100%
rename from spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-2-run
rename to spec/resources/export/runit/app-alpha-2/run
diff --git a/spec/resources/export/runit/app-bravo-1-log-run b/spec/resources/export/runit/app-bravo-1/log/run
similarity index 100%
rename from spec/resources/export/runit/app-bravo-1-log-run
rename to spec/resources/export/runit/app-bravo-1/log/run
diff --git a/spec/resources/export/runit/app-bravo-1-run b/spec/resources/export/runit/app-bravo-1/run
similarity index 100%
rename from spec/resources/export/runit/app-bravo-1-run
rename to spec/resources/export/runit/app-bravo-1/run
diff --git a/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-alpha-1.conf b/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-alpha-1.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d365588
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-alpha-1.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+[program:app-alpha-1]
+command=./alpha
+autostart=true
+autorestart=true
+stopsignal=QUIT
+stdout_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-1.log
+stderr_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-1.error.log
+user=app
+directory=/tmp/app
+environment=PORT="5000"
+[program:app-bravo-1]
+command=./bravo
+autostart=true
+autorestart=true
+stopsignal=QUIT
+stdout_logfile=/var/log/app/bravo-1.log
+stderr_logfile=/var/log/app/bravo-1.error.log
+user=app
+directory=/tmp/app
+environment=PORT="5100"
+
+[group:app]
+programs=app-alpha-1,app-bravo-1
diff --git a/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-alpha-2.conf b/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-alpha-2.conf
index 972117d..2160314 100644
--- a/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-alpha-2.conf
+++ b/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-alpha-2.conf
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ command=./alpha
 autostart=true
 autorestart=true
 stopsignal=QUIT
-stdout_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-1-out.log
-stderr_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-1-err.log
+stdout_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-1.log
+stderr_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-1.error.log
 user=app
 directory=/tmp/app
 environment=PORT="5000"
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ command=./alpha
 autostart=true
 autorestart=true
 stopsignal=QUIT
-stdout_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-2-out.log
-stderr_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-2-err.log
+stdout_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-2.log
+stderr_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-2.error.log
 user=app
 directory=/tmp/app
 environment=PORT="5001"
diff --git a/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-env-with-comma.conf b/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-env-with-comma.conf
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b50836..0000000
--- a/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-env-with-comma.conf
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-
-[program:app-alpha]
-command=./alpha
-autostart=true
-autorestart=true
-stopsignal=QUIT
-stdout_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-1-out.log
-stderr_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-1-err.log
-user=app
-directory=/tmp/app
-environment=QUEUE="fastqueue,slowqueue",VERBOSE="1",PORT="5000"
-[program:app-bravo]
-command=./bravo
-autostart=true
-autorestart=true
-stopsignal=QUIT
-stdout_logfile=/var/log/app/bravo-1-out.log
-stderr_logfile=/var/log/app/bravo-1-err.log
-user=app
-directory=/tmp/app
-environment=QUEUE="fastqueue,slowqueue",VERBOSE="1",PORT="5100"
-
-[group:app]
-programs=app-alpha,app-bravo
diff --git a/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-env.conf b/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-env.conf
deleted file mode 100644
index 23df258..0000000
--- a/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app-env.conf
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-
-[program:app-alpha]
-command=./alpha
-autostart=true
-autorestart=true
-stopsignal=QUIT
-stdout_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-1-out.log
-stderr_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-1-err.log
-user=app
-directory=/tmp/app
-environment=FOO="bar",PORT="5000"
-[program:app-bravo]
-command=./bravo
-autostart=true
-autorestart=true
-stopsignal=QUIT
-stdout_logfile=/var/log/app/bravo-1-out.log
-stderr_logfile=/var/log/app/bravo-1-err.log
-user=app
-directory=/tmp/app
-environment=FOO="bar",PORT="5100"
diff --git a/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app.conf b/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app.conf
deleted file mode 100644
index abf811a..0000000
--- a/spec/resources/export/supervisord/app.conf
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-
-[program:app-alpha]
-command=./alpha
-autostart=true
-autorestart=true
-stopsignal=QUIT
-stdout_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-1-out.log
-stderr_logfile=/var/log/app/alpha-1-err.log
-user=app
-directory=/tmp/app
-environment=PORT="5000"
-[program:app-bravo]
-command=./bravo
-autostart=true
-autorestart=true
-stopsignal=QUIT
-stdout_logfile=/var/log/app/bravo-1-out.log
-stderr_logfile=/var/log/app/bravo-1-err.log
-user=app
-directory=/tmp/app
-environment=PORT="5100"
-
-[group:app]
-programs=app-alpha,app-bravo
diff --git a/spec/spec_helper.rb b/spec/spec_helper.rb
index 6f2da46..f7f8538 100644
--- a/spec/spec_helper.rb
+++ b/spec/spec_helper.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,39 @@ def mock_error(subject, message)
 end
 
 def foreman(args)
-  Foreman::CLI.start(args.split(" "))
+  capture_stdout do
+    begin
+      Foreman::CLI.start(args.split(" "))
+    rescue SystemExit
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+def forked_foreman(args)
+  rd, wr = IO.pipe("BINARY")
+  Process.spawn("bundle exec bin/foreman #{args}", :out => wr, :err => wr)
+  wr.close
+  rd.read
+end
+
+def fork_and_capture(&blk)
+  rd, wr = IO.pipe("BINARY")
+  pid = fork do
+    rd.close
+    wr.sync = true
+    $stdout.reopen wr
+    $stderr.reopen wr
+    blk.call
+    $stdout.flush
+    $stdout.close
+  end
+  wr.close
+  Process.wait pid
+  buffer = ""
+  until rd.eof?
+    p [:foo]
+    buffer += rd.gets
+  end
 end
 
 def mock_exit(&block)
@@ -56,13 +88,21 @@ def write_env(env=".env", options={"FOO"=>"bar"})
   end
 end
 
-def load_export_templates_into_fakefs(type)
+def without_fakefs
   FakeFS.deactivate!
-  files = Dir[File.expand_path("../../data/export/#{type}/**", __FILE__)].inject({}) do |hash, file|
-    hash.update(file => File.read(file))
-  end
+  ret = yield
   FakeFS.activate!
-  files.each do |filename, contents|
+  ret
+end
+
+def load_export_templates_into_fakefs(type)
+  without_fakefs do
+    Dir[File.expand_path("../../data/export/#{type}/**/*", __FILE__)].inject({}) do |hash, file|
+      next(hash) if File.directory?(file)
+      hash.update(file => File.read(file))
+    end
+  end.each do |filename, contents|
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p File.dirname(filename)
     File.open(filename, "w") do |f|
       f.puts contents
     end
@@ -94,6 +134,17 @@ def normalize_space(s)
   s.gsub(/\n[\n\s]*/, "\n")
 end
 
+def capture_stdout
+  old_stdout = $stdout.dup
+  rd, wr = IO.method(:pipe).arity.zero? ? IO.pipe : IO.pipe("BINARY")
+  $stdout = wr
+  yield
+  wr.close
+  rd.read
+ensure
+  $stdout = old_stdout
+end
+
 RSpec.configure do |config|
   config.treat_symbols_as_metadata_keys_with_true_values = true
   config.color_enabled = true